| 不同国家基于健康风险的土壤环境基准比较研究与启示 |
| 摘要点击 4418 全文点击 1708 投稿时间：2012-07-24 修订日期：2012-10-20 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤环境基准 健康风险 土地利用类型 暴露情景 暴露途径 暴露参数 |
| 英文关键词 soil environmental criteria health risk land use types exposure scenarios exposure pathways exposure parameters |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 徐猛 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | xumeng@craes.org.cn | | 颜增光 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | yanzg@craes.org.cn | | 贺萌萌 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100 | | | 张超艳 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 侯红 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 李发生 | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 20世纪90年代以来,许多发达国家颁布了基于健康风险的土壤环境标准及基准背景技术文件,为发展中国家启动标准制订和开展基准研究提供了重要的方法学参考. 然而,由于各国在环境立法框架、基准推导过程、环境气候特征、土壤类型、人群生活方式与习惯等方面的不同,导致其基准名称、基准功能、保护受体以及基准取值等存在较大的差异. 本文在综述基于健康风险的土壤环境基准科学内涵与基本特征的基础上,对不同国家场地土壤环境基准的名称、功能及基准值的差异进行了比较研究,从土地利用类型划分、暴露情景和暴露途径设定、致癌物可接受风险水平选择以及人体暴露参数确定等4个方面,对不同国家制定场地土壤环境基准的关键技术和影响因素进行了总结分析,探讨了借鉴国外经验考虑区域差异制定我国土壤环境基准的对策与方略,并指出了当前我国制定场地土壤环境基准和标准面临的困难和挑战. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Since the 1990s, most developed countries have issued the risk-based environmental standards or criteria for soil, as well as corresponding technical background documents, this provides methodological references for developing soil environmental standards and criteria in developing countries. However, because of the variability in legislation frameworks, derivation procedures of criteria, environmental conditions and climates, soil types, and habits and customs among countries, there are great differences in the names, roles and values of soil standards and criteria. This paper presents the scientific basis and fundamental features of soil environmental criteria. The definitions, functions and values of the soil environmental criteria in different countries were compared and analyzed. Key technologies for the development of soil environmental criteria and critical influence factors were summarized and analyzed, with special respect to the classification of land use types, setting of exposure scenarios and pathways, selection of acceptable risk levels for carcinogens, and the determination of exposure parameters. Strategies and countermeasures for the development of local or regional soil environmental criteria in China were proposed by referring to international experiences, and the current difficulties and challenges faced by China in the development of soil environmental criteria were discussed and addressed. |
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