






二
珠三角作为世界加工制造基地, 已成为世界产业转移的首选地区之一. 随着珠三角地区二
本研究选取珠三角区域覆盖的广州、深圳、珠海、东莞、惠州、佛山、中山、江门和肇庆这9个城市共22个点位作为大气中二
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图 1 监测站点分布情况 Fig. 1 Locations of sampling sites |
样品提取:将石英纤维滤膜和聚氨基甲酸酯泡沫装入索氏抽提装置, 并加入13 C标记的提取内标, 用甲苯连续索氏提取24 h后, 将提取液旋转蒸发浓缩至约2 mL.
样品净化:将浓缩液用复合层析柱进行净化, 层析柱中填料从上到下依次分别为:2 g无水硫酸钠、40 g酸性硅胶(中性硅胶∶浓硫酸=3∶2, 质量比)、3 g中性硅胶、4 g碱性硅胶(中性硅胶∶1 mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液=2∶1, 质量比)、3 g中性硅胶、3 g碱性氧化铝、1 g弗罗里硅藻土和2 g无水硫酸钠. 净化前用80 mL的正己烷进行预淋洗层析柱, 添加样品后依次用120 mL正己烷和25 mL混合液(正己烷∶二氯甲烷=95∶5, 体积比)洗脱, 并弃之; 再用100 mL二氯甲烷淋洗, 并收集. 洗脱液经旋转蒸发浓缩至2mL后转移至微量进样瓶, 用高纯氮气继续浓缩至50 μL后加入13 C标记的进样内标, 待仪器分析.
1.3 仪器分析气相条件:采用高分辨气相色谱/高分辨质谱仪(HRGC/HRMS)对二
质谱条件:分辨率≥10 000; 离子源为EI源, 离子源温度为280℃, 采用选择性离子(SIM)测定, 电离能为45 eV, 离子化电流为900 μA.
1.4 质量保证与质量控制通过设置采样空白和实验空白进行质量控制, 并采用同位素内标稀释定量法进行定量分析, 样品测定结果以扣除采样空白为准. 检测结果表明, 空白样品采样内标和提取内标的回收率分别介于76%~120%和41%~107%, 目标物的含量均低于方法检出限. 实际样品的采样内标和提取内标回收率范围为110%~125%和54%~121%, 且环境空气样品中二

研究区域夏季和冬季大气中二
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表 1 夏、冬季气象条件与二![]() |
研究区域大气中二
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图 2 珠三角夏季和冬季二![]() |
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表 2 国内外其他地区不同季节二![]() |
2.2 珠三角区域二

指纹特征通常可以用来识别二
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① 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDF, ② 1, 2, 3, 7, 8-PeCDF, ③ 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-PeCDF, ④ 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-HxCDF, ⑤ 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8-HxCDF, ⑥ 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-HxCDF, ⑦ 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9-HxCDF, ⑧ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-HpCDF, ⑨ 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9-HpCDF, B10 OCDF, B11 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD, B12 1, 2, 3, 7, 8-PeCDD, B13 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-HxCDD, B14 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8-HxCDD, B15 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9-HxCDD, B16 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8-HpCDD, B17 OCDD
图 3 夏季和冬季17种二![]() |
9个城市大气环境中不同氯原子取代数量对二
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① TCDF, ② PeCDFs, ③ HxCDFs, ④ HpCDFs, ⑤ OCDF, ⑥ TCDD, ⑦ PeCDDs, ⑧ HxCDDs, ⑨ HpCDDs, ⑩ OCDD
图 4 夏季和冬季二![]() |
对二
夏季和冬季以上2种指示性单体与对应的总毒性当量的线性相关性情况如图 5所示. 夏季2, 3, 4, 7, 8-PeCDF和1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-HxCDF这2种指示性单体与总毒性当量的线性相关系数(R2)分别为0.91和0.82, 而冬季对应的线性相关系数分别为0.88和0.78. 通过分析可以发现, 对总毒性当量贡献越大的指示性单体, 其线性相关系数越大, 线性相关性就越强. 本研究的结论与现有其他研究具有一定的相似性[35, 36]. 因此, 可以将2, 3, 4, 7, 8-PeCDF和1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8-HxCDF这2种指示性单体用于快速预测和初步判断研究区域大气环境中二
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图 5 指示性单体与总毒性当量相关性分析 Fig. 5 Correlation analysis between main congeners and total toxic equivalent |

后向轨迹模型(HYSPLIT模型)作为一种模拟大气环境中污染物环境行为的重要工具, 已广泛应用于大气环境中污染物的迁移扩散行为特征研究[37~41]. 因此, 本研究采用该模型对珠三角地区夏季和冬季大气环境中二
由夏季的后向轨迹模拟结果进行分析可知[图 6(a)], 研究区域夏季主要受东南偏南季风的影响, 导致气团主要由南海向陆地进行迁移. 由于海洋上空的气团受陆上排放的污染物影响较小, 且通过长距离的输送迁移至陆地时可能发生沉降和扩散作用, 从而导致夏季期间珠三角区域大气中二
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图 6 夏季和冬季气团后向轨迹 Fig. 6 Simulated results of back trajectory |
而珠三角冬季的后向轨迹模拟结果[图 6(b)]与夏季具有明显的区别. 因冬季受东北季风的影响, 珠三角地区的污染气团以福建龙岩、广东省内梅州、河源和潮汕等东部地区的陆源输入为主, 从而导致这些地区排放的二
(1) 珠三角夏季和冬季二
(2) 9个城市夏季和冬季二
(3) 夏季和冬季大气中二
(4) 珠三角夏季和冬季大气中二
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