| 微塑料对土壤中养分和镉淋失的影响 |
| 摘要点击 800 全文点击 229 投稿时间：2023-02-14 修订日期：2023-03-24 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MP） 重金属 养分淋失 硝态氮 镉（Cd） |
| 英文关键词 microplastics（MP） heavy metals nutrient leaching nitrate nitrogen cadmium （Cd） |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料作为新兴污染物,具有尺寸小、比表面积大、吸附能力强和降解慢等特点,其环境效应受到越来越多的关注.微塑料会改变土壤性质,影响土壤中养分和污染物的迁移能力,但是微塑料对土壤养分和重金属淋失的影响尚缺乏研究.通过土壤柱浸滤实验比较研究了在模拟降雨条件下不同质量分数（0%、0.2%和2%）的聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚乳酸（PLA）微塑料对土壤中养分和镉淋失的影响.总体上,降雨强度增加会促进土壤中养分和镉的淋失.2% PS在大暴雨时显著增加总氮的淋失和土壤中有效磷含量,减少了无机磷的淋失和土壤铵态氮含量,大雨时增加土壤速效钾含量.大雨和暴雨时2% PLA减少了硝态氮的淋失,暴雨和大暴雨时降低土壤铵态氮含量,大暴雨时降低土壤总氮的含量,且大暴雨时0.2% PLA显著增加镉的淋失.结果显示,微塑料对土壤养分和镉淋失的影响与微塑料的种类和质量分数有关,并受到降雨水平的影响.研究表明,难降解微塑料聚苯乙烯和可降解微塑料聚乳酸都会对土壤中养分和重金属的淋失产生影响. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The environmental effects of microplastics, which are considered a type of emerging contaminants, have attracted increasing concern due to their small size, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and low degradability. Microplastics can change soil properties and affect the migration ability of nutrients and pollutants in soil, but their effects on the leaching of soil nutrients and heavy metals have not been sufficiently studied. A soil column leaching experiment was conducted to explore the effects of polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics at different mass fractions (0%, 0.2%, and 2%) on the leaching of nutrients and cadmium under simulated rainfall scenarios. The results showed that increasing rainfall intensity enhanced the leaching of nutrients and cadmium from soil. During downpour conditions, 2% PS significantly increased the leaching of total nitrogen and the content of available phosphorus in soil and reduced the leaching of inorganic phosphorus and the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil, whereas it increased the content of available potassium during heavy rain. By comparison, 2% PLA reduced the leaching of nitrate nitrogen during heavy rain and intense rainfall and decreased the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil during intense rainfall and downpour conditions and the content of total nitrogen in soil during downpours. In addition, 0.2% PLA significantly increased cadmium leaching during downpours. To conclude, the effects of microplastics on the leaching of nutrients and cadmium were dependent on the type and concentration of microplastics, as well as the rainfall level. Our findings showed that the microplastics derived from both nondegradable PS and biodegradable PLA could affect the leaching of nutrients and heavy metals from soil. |
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