| 中国典型流域有机磷酸酯的污染特征与风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 1135 全文点击 310 投稿时间：2022-10-25 修订日期：2023-02-11 |
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| 中文关键词 有机磷酸酯(OPEs) 七大流域 分布特征 风险评估 蒙特卡洛 |
| 英文关键词 organophosphate esters(OPEs) drainage basins of China distribution characteristics risk assessment Monte Carlo |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 有机磷酸酯（OPEs）作为溴代阻燃剂的替代品，在生产生活中被广泛使用，其环境污染和毒性效应受到广泛关注.梳理中国七大典型流域水体中OPEs的含量水平和分布特征，计算中国成人、青少年和儿童的OPEs日均饮水暴露量，对其健康风险进行评估，并通过蒙特卡洛模拟方法评价了结果的可靠性.检索整理了12种OPEs对水生生物的毒性效应浓度，构建物种敏感度分布（SSD）曲线，对生态风险进行评估.结果表明，低等暴露水平下，七大流域ΣOPEs的第5百分位浓度为52.61 ng·L-1；中等暴露水平下，七大流域ΣOPEs的中位浓度为499.74 ng·L-1，磷酸三氯乙酯（TCEP）、磷酸三乙酯（TEP）和磷酸三（1，3-二氯-2-丙基）酯（TDCP）为主要污染物；高等暴露水平下，七大流域ΣOPEs的第95百分位浓度为1904.4 ng·L-1，是其中等暴露水平的3.8倍，长江流域的ΣOPEs浓度最高.健康风险评估表明，不同人群通过饮用水暴露于OPEs的非致癌风险均在可接受范围内.磷酸三甲酯（TMP）、磷酸三异丁酯（TiBP）和TCEP是致癌风险的主要贡献者.生态风险评估结果表明，TCEP在高等暴露水平下存在中等生态风险；磷酸三正丁酯（TnBP）在中等暴露水平下存在中等生态风险，在高等暴露水平下，有较高生态风险；磷酸三苯酯（TPhP）在低中高3种暴露水平下的风险商均大于1，有较高生态风险，需要重点关注. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Organophosphate esters(OPEs), as a substitute for brominated flame retardants, are widely used in production and life, and their environmental pollution and toxic effects have attracted widespread attention. In this study, the concentrations and distribution characteristics of OPEs in seven major drainage basins of China were sorted out. The average daily dose of OPEs in Chinese adults, adolescents, and children was calculated to assess the health risks, and the reliability of the results was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The toxic effect concentrations of 12 OPEs on aquatic organisms were investigated, and the species sensitivity distribution(SSD) curve was constructed to assess the ecological risk. The results showed that the 5th percentile concentration of ΣOPEs in the seven drainage basins was 52.61 ng·L-1 under the low exposure scenario. The median concentration of ΣOPEs in the seven basins was 499.74 ng·L-1, with trichloroethyl phosphate(TCEP), triethyl phosphate(TEP), and triethyl phosphate(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) esters(TDCP) as the main contaminants. Under the high exposure scenario, the 95th percentile concentration of ΣOPEs in the seven basins was 1904.4 ng·L-1, 3.8 times that of the intermediate exposure scenario, and the Yangtze River Basin had the highest ΣOPEs concentration under the high exposure scenario. The health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic risk of OPEs exposure through drinking water was within acceptable limits for different populations. Trimethyl phosphate(TMP), triisobutyl phosphate(TiBP), and TCEP were the main contributors to cancer risk. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that TCEP had medium ecological risk at the high exposure level, tributyl phosphate(TnBP) had medium ecological risk under the intermediate exposure scenario, and there was higher ecological risk under the high exposure scenario. Triphenyl phosphate(TPhP) had a risk quotient greater than 1 under the low, intermediate, and high exposure scenarios, and there was a high ecological risk, which requires special attention. |
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