| 粪肥施用对抗生素在土壤上吸附的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1236 全文点击 388 投稿时间：2022-10-17 修订日期：2023-01-29 |
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| 中文关键词 磺胺类抗生素 氟苯尼考(FFC) 批量平衡实验 吸附容量 鸡粪 猪粪 |
| 英文关键词 sulfonamide antibiotics florfenicol(FFC) batch balance experiments adsorption capacity chicken manure pig manure |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 磺胺类抗生素和氟苯尼考（FFC）是浙江省普遍使用的抗生素，在土壤上吸附弱而易于迁移，存在较高的环境风险.近年来，粪源抗生素对农田土壤潜在风险的研究多是在实验室条件下添加粪肥的方式进行，无法评估自然施肥状态下抗生素的污染风险.因此以浙江省长期施用不同肥料（鸡粪、猪粪和化肥）的5种旱地农田土壤［临安（LA）、嘉善（JS）、龙游（LY）、开化（KH）和金华（JH）］为对象，选用4种常用的抗生素［磺胺嘧啶（SD）、磺胺二甲基嘧啶（SMT）、磺胺甲基异噁唑（SMZ）和FFC］，进行批量平衡实验，探究土壤不同类型和粪肥类型对抗生素在土壤中吸附的影响.结果表明，4种抗生素在实验土壤中的吸附都较弱，吸附次序为：SMT （1.44~13.23 mg1-（1/n）·L1/n·kg-1）>SMZ （0.73~6.05 mg1-（1/n）·L1/n·kg-1）>SD （0.16~5.57 mg1-（1/n）·L1/n·kg-1）>FFC （0.27~3.81 mg1-（1/n）·L1/n·kg-1）.Freundlich模型对SD、SMT和FFC的等温吸附拟合效果优于线性模型，其中SD和FFC属于"S "型吸附，SMT属于" L"型吸附；SMZ的线性模型的拟合效果优于Freundlich模型.总有机碳（TOC）和溶解性有机碳（DOC）含量能较好地预测4种抗生素的吸附容量（r为0.548~0.808），阳离子交换量（CEC）和电导率（EC）能较好地预测SMT和FFC的吸附容量（r为0.758~0.841）.与施用化肥相比，粪肥施用会提高酸性和中性土壤的TOC、DOC、CEC和EC的值而有利于抗生素在土壤上的吸附，但同时会增加土壤pH而不利于抗生素在土壤上的吸附；粪肥施用会降低碱性土壤TOC、DOC、CEC、EC和pH的值，pH降低有利于抗生素在土壤上的吸附，但TOC、DOC、CEC和EC值的降低则不利于抗生素在土壤上的吸附.对于肥力低的酸性土壤，施用粪肥后因增加了土壤肥力从而增加了抗生素在土壤上的吸附，如LA点施用鸡粪的土壤、LY （1）点施用猪粪的土壤和JH点施用鸡粪和猪粪的土壤；但是对于肥力高的酸性和中性土壤，施用粪肥因增加了土壤pH而显著降低了抗生素在土壤上的吸附，如JS点分别施用鸡粪和猪粪的土壤和LY （2）点施用鸡粪的土壤.对于肥力和pH均高的石灰土（如KH土壤），施用粪肥后4种抗生素在土壤上吸附变化呈现多样性：施用鸡粪和猪粪后显著增加了SD的吸附容量，而显著降低了SMT和SMZ的吸附容量，施用鸡粪后显著降低了FFC的吸附容量.因此，根据土壤的肥力状况和pH进行粪肥施用，能有效地控制粪源抗生素的环境风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Sulfonamide antibiotics and florfenicol(FFC) are commonly used antibiotics in Zhejiang Province. They have weak adsorption on soil and are easy to migrate, with high environmental risks. In recent years, most of the studies on the potential risk of fecal-derived antibiotics to farmland soil were conducted by adding manure under laboratory conditions; therefore, it is impossible to assess the risk of antibiotic pollution under natural fertilization. Therefore, batch balance experiments were conducted to explore the effects of different soil types and manure types on the adsorption of antibiotics in the soil, in which five types of dryland farmland soils[Lin'an(LA), Jiashan(JS), Longyou(LY), Kaihua(KH), and Jinhua(JH)]in Zhejiang Province that have been used with different fertilizers(chicken manure, pig manure, and chemical fertilizer) for a long time were chosen, and four types of commonly used antibiotics[sulfadiazine(SD), sulfamethazine(SMT), sulfamethoxazole(SMZ), and FFC]were selected. The results showed that the adsorption of the four antibiotics in the experimental soil was weak, and the adsorption capacity decreased in the order of:SMT(1.44-13.23 mg1-(1/n)·L1/n·kg-1)>SMZ(0.73-6.05 mg1-(1/n)·L1/n·kg-1)>SD(0.16-5.57 mg1-(1/n)·L1/n·kg-1)>FFC(0.27-3.81 mg1-(1/n)·L1/n·kg-1). The Freundlich model was superior to the linear model in fitting the isotherm adsorption of SD, SMT, and FFC, in which SD and FFC belonged to "S" type adsorption, and SMT belonged to "L" type adsorption. For SMZ, the fitting effect of the linear model was better than that of the Freundlich model. The contents of total organic carbon(TOC) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) could better predict the adsorption capacity of the four antibiotics(r=0.548-0.808), and the values of cation exchange capacity(CEC) and electrical conductivity(EC) could better predict the adsorption capacity of SMT and FFC(r=0.758-0.841). Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer, manure application increased the values of TOC, DOC, CEC, and EC in acidic and neutral soils, which was conducive to the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil. Meanwhile, manure application also increased pH in acidic and neutral soils, which was not conducive to the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil. In addition, manure application reduced the values of TOC, DOC, CEC, EC, and pH in alkaline soils. The lower pH was conducive to antibiotic adsorption on the soil, whereas the lower content of the other four was not conducive to antibiotic adsorption on the soil. For the acidic soil with low fertility, the application of manure increased soil fertility and thus increased the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil, such as the LA soil with chicken manure, the LY(1) soil with pig manure, and the JH soil with chicken manure and pig manure. However, for the acidic and neutral soils with high fertility, the application of manure had significantly increased soil pH and thus reduced the adsorption of antibiotics on the soil, such as the JS soil with chicken manure and pig manure and the LY(2) soil with chicken manure. For calcareous soil with high fertility and pH(such as KH soil), the adsorption profiles of the four types of antibiotics on the soil showed diversity after the application of manure:the adsorption capacity of SD increased significantly after the application of chicken manure and pig manure, whereas the adsorption capacity of SMT and SMZ decreased significantly, and the adsorption capacity of FFC declined significantly after the application of chicken manure. Therefore, manure application according to soil fertility could effectively control the environmental risk of fecal antibiotics. |
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