| 增氧模式对水稻根际微生物多样性和群落结构的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1197 全文点击 394 投稿时间：2022-11-29 修订日期：2023-01-22 |
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| 中文关键词 增氧模式 根际土壤 微生物多样性 微生物群落结构 冗余分析 |
| 英文关键词 aeration methods rhizosphere soil microbial diversity microbial community structure redundancy analysis |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探讨不同增氧模式对水稻根际土壤微生物数量和群落结构的影响特征，以密阳46（MY）和珍汕97B （ZS）为材料，设置干湿交替（AWD）、长淹充氧（CFA）和长淹（CF）这3种根际氧处理模式，采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术结合土壤理化性质，分析不同氧环境下水稻根际土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性特征及其与土壤理化因子的关系.结果表明，水稻根际土壤中细菌优势菌群为绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）；真菌优势菌群为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）.不同增氧模式下水稻根际土壤微生物群落组成存在明显差异.各生育期，Chloroflexi和Acidobacteriota在AWD处理时，Actinobacteriota在CFA处理时的相对丰度高于其他处理；Firmicutes在AWD处理下相对丰度低于其他处理.增氧影响根际微生物物种多样性和丰富度.如AWD处理显著增加细菌物种多样性，降低其丰富度；AWD和CFA处理后真菌物种多样性和丰富度均显著增加.土壤理化性质也受增氧模式的影响.不同处理土壤氧化还原电位（Eh）大小表现为：AWD>CFA>CF，处理间差异达显著水平；与CF处理相比，增氧处理（AWD和CFA）显著增加根际土壤NO3--N含量，降低NH4+-N含量.相关性分析表明，根际土壤pH和Eh与细菌物种多样性正相关，与丰富度负相关；与真菌物种多样性和丰富度正相关.冗余分析发现，全生育期的Chloroflexi相对丰度与pH和NH4+-N均呈正相关；分蘖期和齐穗期的Chloroflexi相对丰度与Eh和NO3--N呈正相关，成熟期则负相关.pH和Eh与Acidobacteriota、Proteobacteria和Basidiomycota相对丰度正相关，与Firmicutes和Ascomycota相对丰度负相关.Ascomycota相对丰度与NO3--N负相关，与NH4+-N正相关，Basidiomycota与之相反.综上，增氧模式改善根际土壤氧环境，改变土壤理化性质，影响微生物群落多样性和丰富度，从而优化微生物群落结构. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To explore the effects of different aeration methods on the abundance of microorganisms and microorganism community structure in rice rhizosphere soil, two rice varieties, Miyang 46(MY) and Zhenshan 97B(ZS), were used with three aeration treatments:alternate wetting and drying(AWD), continuous flooding and aeration(CFA), and continuous flooding(CF). The diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in rice rhizosphere soil was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. Soil physical and chemical factors were also analyzed. The results showed that the dominant bacterial communities in rice rhizosphere soil were Chloroflexi, Actinobaciota, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, and the dominant fungal communities were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in rice rhizosphere soil. At each growth stage, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria was higher in the AWD treatment than in the other treatments, and the relative abundance of Actinobaciota was higher in the CFA treatment than in the other treatments. The relative abundance of Firmicutes was lower in the AWD treatment than in the other treatments. Aeration methods affected the diversity and richness of rhizosphere microbial species. For example, the diversity of bacterial species was higher, and the richness of bacterial species was lower in the AWD treatment than that in the other treatments. The diversity and richness of fungal species were higher in the AWD and CFA treatments than those in the CF treatment. The physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil were also affected by aeration method. The soil redox potential(Eh) was the highest in AWD, followed by that in CFA and CF, and significant differences were observed among treatments. The NO3--N content was significantly higher, and the NH4+-N content was significantly lower in the AWD and CFA treatments than in the CF treatment in rhizosphere soil at all growth stages. Correlation analysis showed that the pH and Eh of rhizosphere soil were positively correlated with the diversity of bacterial species, negatively correlated with the richness of bacterial species, and positively correlated with the diversity and richness of fungal species. Redundancy analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Chloroflexi was positively correlated with the pH and NH4+-N content at each period, positively correlated with the Eh and NO3--N content at the tillering and heading stages, and negatively correlated with Eh and NO3--N content at the maturity stage. At each growth stage, the pH and Eh were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Basidiomycota and negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Ascomycota. During the entire growth period, the relative abundance of Ascomycota was negatively correlated with the NO3--N content and positively correlated with the NH4+-N content, and the opposite patterns were observed for the relative abundance of Basidiomycota. In summary, rhizosphere oxygenation enhanced the soil oxygen environment, altered soil physical and chemical properties, and affected microbial community diversity and richness to optimize microbial community structure. |
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