| 保护性耕作对玉米田土壤中除草剂残留的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1063 全文点击 382 投稿时间：2022-10-06 修订日期：2023-01-11 |
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| 中文关键词 保护性耕作 除草剂 玉米田 土壤 残留特征 |
| 英文关键词 conservation tillage herbicide maize field soil residue characteristics |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 保护性耕作能够显著提高土壤有机质，改善土壤质量，但是关于保护性耕作如何影响农药等污染物在土壤中残留的研究却较为匮乏，而土壤污染又与粮食安全息息相关.因此，选择7个实验地点，针对传统耕作与保护性耕作两种耕作方式下土壤中3种除草剂（乙草胺、阿特拉津和二甲四氯钠）残留特征进行了分析.结果表明，保护性耕作显著影响土壤的总有机碳含量、土壤含水率和土壤团聚体平均粒径等性质［使（2.1±0.1）%、（19.1±1.2）%和（82.2±3.0）μm分别增加至（2.9±0.3）%、（22.3±1.5）%和（97.2±4.2）μm］.研究进一步发现，保护性耕作对不同除草剂在土壤中残留的影响存在差异性.例如，保护性耕作通过影响土壤总有机碳含量显著增加东丰试验田土壤中阿特拉津的含量［使（3.8±0.3） ng·g-1增加至（17.7±3.0） ng·g-1］，通过影响土壤团聚体平均粒径显著降低德惠试验田土壤中乙草胺的含量［使（50.6±10.3） ng·g-1降低至（9.2±2.5） ng·g-1］.然而，由于不同土壤性质对土壤中除草剂迁移和降解的复杂作用，保护性耕作对除草剂的影响仍存在较大的不确定性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| It is well known that conservation tillage can improve soil quality, such as soil organic matters. However, limited information on the conservation tillage impacts on pesticides has been reported, which is important to food security. To explore the specific effects of conservation tillage on herbicide residues in soils, parallel soil samples from seven sites under traditional tillage and conservation tillage were collected, respectively, in Jilin Province, Northeast China. The soil properties and characteristics of three herbicides(acetochlor, atrazine, and MCPA-Na) were measured. The results showed that conservation tillage significantly increased total organic carbon(TOC) content, soil water content, and the average particle size of soil aggregates[(2.1±0.1)%, (19.1±1.2)%, and (82.2±3.0) μm increased to(2.9±0.3)%, (22.3±1.5)%, and (97.2±4.2) μm, respectively]. The results also showed that different herbicides were correlated with different soil properties. For example, TOC content and soil water content were positively correlated with atrazine, whereas micro-aggregate content was negatively correlated with acetochlor. Therefore, the effects of conservation tillage on the three herbicide residues were different. For instance, conservation tillage significantly increased the residual amount of atrazine[from(3.8±0.3) ng·g-1 to (17.7±3.0) ng·g-1] in the Dongfeng site by increasing TOC content, whereas it significantly reduced the residual amount of acetochlor[from (50.6±10.3) ng·g-1 to (9.2±2.5) ng·g-1] in the Dehui site by increasing the average particle size of soil aggregates. Generally, this study suggests conservation tillage indeed affected herbicide residues in soils by affecting soil properties. However, the influence of conservation tillage on herbicide residue was dependent on the types of herbicides due to the complex effects of different soil properties on herbicide migration and degradation. |
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