| 生物炭施用对微塑料污染石灰性土壤理化性质和细菌群落的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1402 全文点击 400 投稿时间：2022-09-18 修订日期：2022-10-25 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 生物炭 细菌群落 土壤理化性质 石灰土 |
| 英文关键词 microplastic biochar bacterial communities physicochemical properties calcareous soil |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料广泛分布在土壤环境中,威胁着土壤生态环境系统,改变了土壤理化性质和微生物特征.生物炭因其特殊的孔隙结构具有良好的土壤养分保持能力,常被作为改善土壤质量的土壤改良剂.然而,目前关于生物炭施用对微塑料污染土壤理化性质和细菌群落的影响及其机制研究还非常有限.因此,进行为期21 d微观土壤培养实验,利用16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析生物炭的施用对不同浓度微塑料污染土壤理化性质和细菌群落变化的影响.结果表明,生物炭的施用减缓了微塑料污染土壤硝态氮和速效磷含量的降低,增加了全磷含量.生物炭的添加增加了微塑料污染石灰性土壤酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)等微塑料耐受菌门相对丰度.在第7 d和第21 d各处理的优势细菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门和放线菌门.与第7 d相比,第21 d各处理土壤变形菌门和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度显著降低,酸杆菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和粘菌门(Myxococcota)的相对丰度增加.施用生物炭还增加了微塑料污染土壤溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)的相对丰度.以上结果表明生物炭的施用增加了微塑料耐受菌,增强了微塑料污染土壤稳定性,减缓了微塑料对土壤的污染,且生物炭对改善微塑料污染石灰性土壤质量有着巨大潜力. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics are widely distributed in the soil environment, threatening the soil ecological environment system and changing soil physicochemical properties and microbial characteristics. Biochar is often used as a soil amendment to improve soil quality due to its special pore structure and good soil nutrient retention ability. However, the understanding of the effects and mechanisms of biochar application on the physicochemical properties and bacterial communities of microplastic-contaminated soils is still very limited. Therefore, a 21-day micro-soil culture experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of biochar application on physicochemical properties and bacterial community changes in soil contaminated with different concentrations of microplastics using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The results revealed that the application of biochar slowed down the decrease in nitrate nitrogen and Olsen-P contents in microplastic-contaminated soil and increased the total phosphorus content. Biochar addition increased the relative abundance of tolerant phylum such as Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota in microplastic-contaminated calcareous soil. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota were the dominant bacteria of the soil bacterial community in each treatment on day 7 and day 21. Compared with that on day 7, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes significantly decreased, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi, and Myxococcota increased on day 21. Biochar application also increased the relative abundance of Lysobacter in microplastic-contaminated soils. This study demonstrated that the application of biochar increased microplastic-resistant bacteria, enhanced the stability of microplastic-contaminated soil, and slowed down the pollution of microplastics to the soil. Moreover, biochar had great potential to improve the quality of microplastic-contaminated calcareous soil. |
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