| 沼液施用对麦稻茬口期土壤微生物群落结构特征及功能的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1375 全文点击 419 投稿时间：2022-07-29 修订日期：2022-09-15 |
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| 中文关键词 沼液 细菌群落 真菌群落 麦稻茬口期 高通量测序 功能预测 |
| 英文关键词 biogas slurry bacterial communities fungal communities wheat-rice stubble period Illumina high-throughput sequencing function prediction |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为揭示麦稻茬口期沼液施用对土壤微生物群落及功能的影响，通过土柱试验，设置麦秆还田后3种处理［无氮肥（CM）、常规施肥（SN）和添加沼液（SZ）］，采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析了土壤淹水后1 d和21 d土壤细菌及真菌群落的组成、多样性和结构差异，并对其功能进行预测.微生物多样性分析表明，1 d时各处理的真菌α多样性指数均显著高于21 d处理且各处理间无显著差异；21 d时各处理细菌Simpson指数开始出现差异，SZ-21处理的细菌Simpson指数高于SN-21处理，而细菌Chao1指数显著低于SN-21处理；细菌群落结构分析表明，1 d时，SN处理的厚壁菌门、绿弯菌门和放线菌门与其它处理差异较大，而21d时，SZ和SN处理的各细菌菌门相对丰度相似；真菌群落结构分析表明，1 d时，SZ处理中的子囊菌门和接合菌门相对丰度高于SN和CM处理；21 d时，SN和SZ处理的子囊菌门相对丰度均低于CM处理，而接合菌门的相对丰度均高于CM处理.NMDS分析表明，21 d时，SN和SZ处理的细菌和真菌群落组成均有逐渐相似的趋势.PICRUSt功能分析表明，不同时期和不同处理的土壤细菌群落在功能层上表现相似，FUNGuild功能预测反映SZ-21和SN-21处理的真菌功能主要差异体现在腐生营养型和病理营养型上.综上说明茬口期施沼液在一定程度上可以替代化肥平衡土壤养分和维持土壤生态功能，但仍可能存在真菌致病风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To reveal the effects of biogas slurry application on soil microbial community structure and function, a soil column experiment was constructed with three treatments[(no N addition, CM; conventional fertilization, SN; biogas slurry addition, SZ)]. The differences in composition, diversity, and structure of bacterial and fungal communities on day 1 and day 21 after soil flooding were evaluated, and their functions were predicted using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results of the analysis of α diversity showed that the fungal α-diversity indexes of CM, SN, and SZ treatments on day 1 were significantly higher than those on day 21, and there was no significant difference among the three treatments. However, the bacterial Simpson index differed among the three treatments on day 21, with SZ-21 showing a higher Simpson index but lower Chao1 index compared with those of SZ-21. The analysis of bacterial community structure showed that Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria in the SN-1 treatment were different from those in the other treatments on day 1, whereas the relative abundance of bacterial phyla in the SZ and SN treatments were similar on day 21. The analysis of fungal community structure showed that the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Zygomycota in the SZ-1 treatment were higher than those in the SN-1 and CM-1 treatments on day 1. The relative abundance of Ascomycota in the SN-21 and SZ-21 treatments were lower, whereas that of Zygomycota were higher compared with that in CM-21. The analysis of NMDS showed that the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the SN and SZ treatments showed a gradually similar trend. The PICRUSt analysis showed that the function of the soil bacterial community was similar in the CM, SN, and SZ treatments. The FUNGuild function prediction reflected that the main differences in trophic type between the SN-21 and SZ-21 treatments occurred in saprotroph and pathotroph forms. Therefore, biogas slurry addition in the wheat-rice stubble stage could contribute to balancing soil nutrients and maintaining soil ecological function to a certain extent, but there may still be a risk of fungal disease. |
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