| 太湖流域肥料施用策略调整对典型作物系统氮磷流失的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1465 全文点击 444 投稿时间：2022-07-13 修订日期：2022-09-19 |
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| 中文关键词 氮、 磷流失 作物系统 肥料策略 太湖流域 稻田 菜地 果园 茶园 |
| 英文关键词 loss of nitrogen and phosphorus crop systems fertilizer application strategy Taihu Lake Region paddy field vegetable plot orchards tea plantation |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 俞映倞 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | colleen_yu@163.com | | 王逸之 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 杨梖 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 杨林章 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 段婧婧 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 韩雪梅 | 苏州市吴中区农业环境与土壤肥料站, 苏州 215104 | 836837495@qq.com | | 薛利红 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | njxuelihong@gmail.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 太湖流域种植业肥料施用强度普遍较高，且以化学肥料为主要形态.因肥料投入不适宜，种植业氮、磷流失问题显著.2015年以来，各地区积极对种植业肥料施用策略进行调整，但当前工作主要基于粮食作物系统且仍停留在化肥施用总量削减和有机肥施用面积提升层面上，缺少菜地、果园、茶园作物系统的相关数据以及对农业环境问题的响应.对此，以苏州市吴中区为太湖流域典型农区代表，研究2019~2021年稻田、菜地、果园和茶园这4类作物系统肥料策略调整对氮、磷流失的影响.结果表明，肥料源养分投入强度的调控是决定氮、磷流失的关键；适宜的有机肥替代比例有助于降低氮、磷流失风险，但有机肥施用需考虑时机并尽可能搭配农用机械.肥料效率是兼顾农业生产过程环境友好、生产主体经济效益的核心，也是后期肥料施用策略调整的导向.稻田系统的肥料施用策略调整应重视养分中不同元素配比，菜地系统应以种植结构调整为抓手，茶园、果园系统可从复合系统视角制定同时满足茶、果生长的施肥策略，助力构建满足农业绿色发展需求的作物系统. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The intensity of crop farming fertilizer input is generally high in the Taihu Lake Region, with chemical fertilizer as the main form. Due to inappropriate fertilizer application, nitrogen and phosphorus loss have occurred, causing serious agricultural non-point source pollution. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China has launched the "zero-growth action for chemical fertilizer use" and "replacement action with organic fertilizer" ("two actions" for short) campaigns since 2015. Local agricultural sectors adjusted fertilizer application strategies of crop farming to respond to the call of two actions. However, the current research is still focusing on reducing the total amount of fertilizer application and increasing the area of organic fertilizer application, which is mainly based on grain crops. The study of agricultural environment problems is still lacking, especially in vegetable, orchard, and tea systems. Therefore, a study was carried out in the typical agricultural area of Suzhou City Wuzhong District from 2019 to 2021. Based on the data of the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by harvest crops and soil nitrogen and phosphorus residual in paddy, vegetable, orchard, and tea systems, the loss was estimated. The responses of nitrogen and phosphorus loss from typical crop systems to fertilizer application strategy adjustments were studied through analysis of different factors. The results showed that fertilizer application rate was the key to control nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Additionally, the suitable replacement ratio of organic fertilizer could further reduce the loss risk. It should be noted that the urgent demand for nutrients in crop growth should be considered to determine the timing of organic fertilizer application, and agricultural machinery should be used to assist organic fertilizer application to reduce labor output if possible. Fertilizer efficiency was the core of environmental friendliness and economic benefits of crop farming. Hence, improving fertilizer efficiency should be the guidance of fertilizer application strategy adjustment. Our suggestions on the adjustment of fertilizer application strategy in different crop systems in the study area are as follows:attention should be paid to the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium input ratio in paddy systems to further reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loss. Planting structure adjustment should be emphasized in vegetable systems to promote fertilizer efficiency. The strategy to satisfy both tea and orchard growth from a composite system perspective would help to build crop systems that meet the needs of green agricultural development. |
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