| 覆膜和有机无机配施对夏玉米农田温室气体排放及水氮利用的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1225 全文点击 434 投稿时间：2022-06-02 修订日期：2022-08-22 |
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| 中文关键词 地膜覆盖 有机肥 温室气体排放 水分利用效率 氮肥利用效率 |
| 英文关键词 mulching organic fertilizer greenhouse gas emission water use efficiency nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 蒋洪丽 | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水研究院, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | honglijiang@nwafu.edu.cn | | 雷琪 | 黄河水土保持绥德治理监督局, 榆林 719000 | | | 张彪 | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水研究院, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | | | 吴淑芳 | 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水研究院, 杨凌 712100
西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 杨凌 712100 | wsfjs@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究地膜覆盖和有机无机肥等氮施用对夏玉米农田土壤温室气体(N2 O、CO2和CH4)排放、作物产量和水氮利用的影响,在关中地区设计了以地膜覆盖(M)和传统不覆膜为主因素,施肥为副因素的试验,副因素以不施肥(CK)为对照,设置等氮条件下有机肥替代化肥0%(T0,有机肥0.00 kg·hm-2,化肥225.00 kg·hm-2)、25%(T25,有机肥56.25 kg·hm-2,化肥168.75 kg·hm-2)、50%(T50,有机肥112.50 kg·hm-2,化肥112.50 kg·hm-2)、75%(T75,有机肥168.75 kg·hm-2,化肥56.25 kg·hm-2)和100%(T100,有机肥225.00 kg·hm-2,化肥0.00 kg·hm-2)这5个梯度,共计12个处理.结果表明:①覆膜和施肥(无论是否覆膜)因素均显著增加了土壤N2 O和CO2排放,减少了土壤对CH4的吸收(P<0.05).与仅施无机肥处理相比,有机肥配施处理在覆膜和不覆膜条件下分别减少了11.8%~52.6%和14.1%~68.0%的N2 O排放总量,增加了5.1%~24.1%和15.1%~48.7%的CO2排放总量(P<0.05).覆膜措施下的全球增温潜势(GWP)相比不覆膜增加了140.7%~206.6%,相比对照处理,施肥处理的GWP在覆膜和不覆膜条件下分别增加了36.6%~67.6%和31.2%~89.1%(P<0.05).结合产量因素,覆膜下单位产量的温室气体排放比不覆膜处理仅增加103.4%~166.2%.因此,可以通过提高产量来降低温室气体排放.②覆膜提高了8.4%~22.4%的玉米产量和4.8%~24.9%的水分利用效率(WUE)(P<0.05).施肥能显著提高作物产量和WUE,其中有机肥配施处理在覆膜条件下比MT0处理提高了2.6%~8.5%的产量和13.5%~23.2%的WUE,在不覆膜条件下比T0处理提高了3.9%~14.3%的产量和4.5%~18.2%的WUE.③0~40 cm土层中,覆膜能增加全氮含量2.4%~24.7%,施肥处理覆膜和不覆膜条件下能分别增加18.1%~48.9%和15.4%~49.7%的全氮含量.覆膜和施肥能促进玉米植株氮素积累和氮肥利用效率(P<0.05).对比无机肥处理,有机肥处理在覆膜和不覆膜条件下分别增加了2.6%~8.5%和3.9%~14.3%的氮肥利用效率.综合生态效益和经济效益,覆膜条件下的MT50和不覆膜条件下T75处理可推荐为保障稳产和实现农业绿色可持续生产的种植模式. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To explore the effects of mulching and the application of organic and chemical fertilizer on N2O, CO2, and CH4 emission; maize yield; water use efficiency (WUE); and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency under the conditions of the same nitrogen fertilizer input in summer maize farmland, an experiment was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of China. In this experiment, the two main experimental factors were mulching (M) and no-mulching, and the secondary experimental factors included no fertilizer application (CK), organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer at 0% (T0, 0.00 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer and 225.00 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer), 25% (T25, 56.25 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer and 168.75 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer), 50% (T50, 112.50 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer and 112.50 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer), 75% (T75, 168.75 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer and 56.25 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer), and 100% (T100, 225.00 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer and 0.00 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer), for a total of 12 treatments. The results showed as follows:① both mulching and fertilizer application (with or without mulching) factors significantly increased soil N2O and CO2 emissions and reduced soil uptake of CH4(P<0.05). Compared to chemical fertilizer treatments, the organic fertilizer treatments reduced soil N2O emission by 11.8% to 52.6% and 14.1% to 68.0% and increased soil CO2 emission by 5.1% to 24.1% and 15.1% to 48.7% under mulching and no-mulching conditions, respectively (P<0.05). Compared to that under no-mulching, the global warming potential (GWP) under mulching increased by 140.7% to 206.6%. Compared to that in the CK treatment, the GWP of fertilized treatments increased by 36.6% to 67.6% and 31.2% to 89.1% under mulching and no-mulching conditions (P<0.05), respectively. Combined with the yield factor, the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) under the mulching condition increased by 103.4% to 166.2% compared to that under the no-mulching condition. Therefore, GHG emissions could be reduced by increasing yields. ② The mulching treatments increased maize yield by 8.4% to 22.4% and WUE by 4.8% to 24.9% (P<0.05). Fertilizer application significantly increased maize yield and WUE. The organic fertilizer treatments increased yield by 2.6% to 8.5% and WUE 13.5% to 23.2% under the mulching condition compared to that in the MT0 treatment and increased yield by 3.9% to 14.3% and WUE 4.5% to 18.2% under the no-mulching condition compared to that in the T0 treatment. ③ In the 0-40 cm soil layer, the total nitrogen content of mulching treatments was increased by 2.4% to 24.7% compared with that of the no-mulching treatments. Fertilizer application treatments increased the total nitrogen content by 18.1% to 48.9% and 15.4% to 49.7% under the mulching and no-mulching conditions, respectively. Mulching and fertilizer application promoted nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in maize plants (P<0.05). Compared to that in chemical fertilizer treatments, the organic fertilizer treatments increased nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency by 2.6% to 8.5% and 3.9% to 14.3% under mulching and no-mulching conditions, respectively. Combining ecological and economic benefits, the MT50 under mulching conditions and T75 under no-mulching conditions can be recommended as planting models to guarantee stable yield and achieve green and sustainable agricultural production. |
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