| 菌渣与化肥配施对稻田土壤微生物群落组成及多样性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1338 全文点击 374 投稿时间：2022-05-17 修订日期：2022-07-06 |
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| 中文关键词 菌渣 化肥 稻田土壤 细菌多样性 真菌多样性 微生物群落 |
| 英文关键词 fungal residue chemical fertilizer paddy soil bacterial diversity fungal diversity microbial community |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 菌渣是一种独特而丰富的有机物料，与化肥配施不仅能改良土壤质量还可以调控微生物群落.然而，土壤细菌和真菌对菌渣与化肥配施的响应是否一致仍不清楚.在水稻田间长期定位试验条件下，设置化肥水平（C）0%、50%和100%，菌渣相对用量（F）0%、50%和100%各3个水平，共9个处理，对土壤肥力与微生物群落的相关指标进行测定.结果表明，土壤全氮（TN）在C0F100处理中最高，碳氮比（C/N）、全磷（TP）、可溶性碳（DOC）和有效磷（AP）在C100F100处理中最高，土壤有机碳（SOC）、碱解氮（AN）、速效钾（AK）和pH在C50F100处理中最高，较对照分别增加了55.56%、26.18%、26.46%、17.13%、279.54%、85.57%、41.61%、29.33%和4.62%.菌渣与化肥配施后，不同处理土壤细菌和真菌α-多样性存在显著变化，与对照C0F0处理相比较，各处理细菌β-多样性并未发生显著变化，却使真菌β-多样性发生了明显差异，且C50F100处理显著降低了真菌子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和粪壳菌纲（Sordariomycetes）的相对丰度.随机森林预测模型表明，AP和C/N分别是细菌和真菌α-多样性的主要驱动因子，AN、pH、SOC和DOC是细菌β-多样性的主要驱动因子，而AP和DOC是真菌β-多样性的主要驱动因子.相关性分析表明，真菌子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和粪壳菌纲（Sordariomycetes）与SOC、TN、TP、AN、AP、AK和C/N显著负相关.置换多元方差分析表明，菌渣对土壤肥力指标、细菌门及纲水平上优势物种、真菌门及纲水平优势物种、细菌多样性和真菌多样性的变化贡献率分别为46.35%、18.47%、41.57%、23.84%和10.42%，菌渣和化肥的交互效应对细菌和真菌多样性变化的贡献率分别为9.90%和35.00%.综上所述，施用菌渣较化肥在影响土壤肥力指标含量和微生物群落变化方面更具优势. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Fungal residue is a unique abundant organic material undervalued in agricultural production. The application of chemical fertilizer combined with fungal residue can not only improve soil quality but also regulate the microbial community. However, it is unclear whether the response of soil bacteria and fungi to the combined application of fungal residue and chemical fertilizer is consistent. Therefore, a long-term positioning experiment in a rice field was conducted with a total of nine treatments. Chemical fertilizer (C) and fungal residue (F) were applied at 0, 50%, and 100% to evaluate 1 the change in soil fertility properties and microbial community structure and 2 the main driving factors of soil microbial diversity and species composition. The results showed that soil total nitrogen (TN) was highest after treatment C0F100 (55.56% higher than in the control), and the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and available phosphorus (AP) contents were highest after treatment with C100F100(26.18%, 26.46%, 17.13%, and 279.54% higher than in the control, respectively). The amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), and pH were highest after treatment with C50F100 (85.57%, 41.61%, 29.33%, and 4.62% higher than in the control, respectively). Following the application of fungal residue with chemical fertilizer, there were significant changes in the α-diversity of bacteria and fungi in each treatment. Compared with that of the control (C0F0), different long-term applications of fungal residue with chemical fertilizer did not significantly change soil bacterial β-diversity but resulted in significant differences in fungal β-diversity, and the relative abundance of soil fungal Ascomycota and Sordariomycetes significantly decreased after the application of C50F100. The random forest prediction model indicated that AP and C/N were the main driving factors of bacterial and fungal α-diversity, respectively, and AN, pH, SOC, and DOC were the main driving factors of bacterial β-diversity, whereas AP and DOC were the main driving factors of fungal β-diversity. Correlation analysis suggested that the relative abundance of soil fungal Ascomycota and Sordariomycetes had a significantly negative correlation with SOC, TN, TP, AN, AP, AK, and C/N. PERMANOVA showed that variation in soil fertility properties, dominant species of soil bacteria at the phylum and class level, and dominant species of soil fungi at the phylum and class level were all best explained by fungal residue (46.35%, 18.47%, and 41.57%, respectively), and variation in bacterial diversity was best explained by fungal residue (23.84%) and to a lesser extent by the interaction between fungal residue and chemical fertilizer (9.90%). In contrast, the variation in fungal diversity was best explained by the interaction between fungal residue and chemical fertilizer (35.00%) and to a lesser extent by fungal residue (10.42%). In conclusion, the application of fungal residue has more advantages than chemical fertilizer in influencing soil fertility properties and microbial community structure changes. |
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