| 陕北矿区典型河流多环芳烃的赋存特征、来源及毒性风险分析 |
| 摘要点击 1473 全文点击 1455 投稿时间：2022-05-27 修订日期：2022-07-13 |
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| 中文关键词 陕北矿区 多环芳烃(PAHs) 赋存特征 来源解析 PMF模型 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词 northern Shaanxi mining area polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) occurrence characteristics source apportionment PMF model ecological risk |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究陕北矿区内典型河流窟野河水体中多环芳烃（PAHs）的赋存水平、空间分布、来源和生态风险，采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器串联荧光检测器法，对研究区水体中59个采样点的16种PAHs进行了定量检测分析.结果表明，窟野河水体中ρ （ΣPAHs） 范围为50.06~278.16 ng ·L-1，平均值为128.22 ng ·L-1；单体浓度范围为0~121.22 ng ·L-1，其中䓛的检出浓度最高，平均值为36.58 ng ·L-1，其次是苯并［a］蒽和菲；各单体检出率均在70%以上，12种单体的检出率为100%；59个采样点中4环PAHs的相对丰度较大，占比范围为38.59%~70.85%；各采样点间浓度差异显著，浓度高值点主要集中在矿业活动工业区和人口密集区；与国内外其它河流相比，窟野河水体中PAHs浓度处于中等水平.运用正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF），结合特征比值法，对PAHs的来源种类与来源贡献进行了定量分析，表明窟野河中上游工业区水体中PAHs主要来源于焦化和石油类物质排放（34.67%）、煤炭燃烧（30.62%）、薪材燃烧（18.11%）和车辆排放（16.60%）；下游居民区主要来源于煤炭燃烧（64.93%）、薪材燃烧（26.20%）和车辆排放（8.86%）；并明晰了不同污染源的主要影响区域.生态风险评估结果显示，萘的风险较低，苯并［a］蒽存在高风险，其余单体处于中等风险；59个采样点中仅有12个采样点属于低生态风险区，其余为中等偏高风险等级，且柠条塔工业园区周边水体已临近高生态风险，需尽快采取防控措施. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence level, spatial distribution, pollution source, and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Kuye River of the northern Shaanxi mining area. In total, 16 priority PAHs were quantitatively detected at 59 sampling sites using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector in series with a fluorescence detector. The results showed that the ρ(ΣPAHs) in the Kuye River ranged from 50.06 to 278.16 ng·L-1, with an average value of 128.22 ng·L-1. The PAHs monomer concentrations ranged from 0 to 121.22 ng·L-1, of which Chrysene had the highest concentration, with average values of 36.58 ng·L-1, respectively, followed by benzo(a)anthracene and phenanthrene. The detection rate of each monomer was more than 70%, of which 12 monomers revealed detection rates of 100%. In addition, the 4-ring PAHs showed the highest relative abundance in the 59 samples, ranging from 38.59% to 70.85%. The PAHs concentrations revealed significant spatial variation in the Kuye River. Moreover, the highest PAHs concentrations were mainly observed in coal mining, industrial, and densely populated areas. Compared with those in other rivers in China and worldwide, the PAHs concentrations in the Kuye River showed a medium pollution level. On the other hand, the positive definite matrix factorization (PMF) and diagnostic ratios were used to quantitatively assess the source apportionment of PAHs in the Kuye River. The results showed that coking and petroleum emissions, coal combustion, fuel-wood combustion, and automobile exhaust emissions contributed to the PAHs concentrations in the industrial areas of the upper reach by 34.67%, 30.62%, 18.11%, and 16.60%, and coal combustion, fuel-wood combustion, and automobile exhaust emissions contributed in the downstream residential areas by 64.93%, 26.20%, and 8.86%. In addition, the results of the ecological risk assessment showed low ecological risks of naphthalene and high ecological risks of benzo(a)anthracene, respectively, whereas the remaining monomers revealed medium ecological risk. Among the 59 sampling sites, only 12 belonged to low ecological risk areas, whereas the remaining sampling sites were at medium to high ecological risks. Moreover, the water area near the Ningtiaota Industrial Park showed a risk value close to the high ecological risk threshold. Therefore, it is urgent to formulate prevention and control measures in the study region. |
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