| 武汉汉江水源地水质变化趋势及风险分析 |
| 摘要点击 1844 全文点击 1798 投稿时间：2022-05-05 修订日期：2022-07-01 |
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| 中文关键词 水源地 水质 变化趋势 风险 分析 |
| 英文关键词 water source water quality change trend risk analysis |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 武汉汉江水源地是全国重要饮用水水源地之一，其水质好坏关系到武汉市数百万居民生活及生产用水安全.在引汉济渭、南水北调中线和鄂北调水等大型水利工程建设运行背景下，利用2004~2021年水质监测成果，对武汉市汉江水源地水质变化趋势及风险进行研究.结果表明，武汉汉江水源地水体中总磷、高锰酸盐指数和氨氮等污染物浓度与武汉市城市集中式地表水饮用水水源保护区管理要求存在一定差异，尤其是总磷存在较大超标风险.水源地水体中藻类生长基本不受氮、磷和硅浓度限制，若不考虑其他因素，水温适宜时（6~12℃）暴发硅藻"水华"的风险较高；来水水质对水源地影响较大，西湖水厂至宗关水厂取水口间可能存在污染物汇入；高锰酸盐指数、总氮、总磷和氨氮等水质参数浓度时空变化趋势不一致，尤其是氮、磷元素，2016年以来其比值呈快速上升趋势，水体N/P的显著变化可能会引起浮游藻类种群结构及数量改变，从而影响供水安全.水源地水体总体处于中营养至轻度富营养状态，极个别时段可能会出现中度富营养的状况，当前水体营养状态有好转趋势.有必要对水源地污染物来源、数量和变化趋势深入调查以化解潜在供水风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Hanjiang River is closely related to the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the Water Diversion Project from the Hanjiang River to the Wei River, and the Water Diversion Project in Northern Hubei. The Wuhan Hanjiang River water source is one of the important drinking water sources in China; its water quality safety is significant to living and production for millions of residents in Wuhan. Based on data from 2004 to 2021, the water quality variation trend and risk of Wuhan Hanjiang River water source were studied. The results showed that a certain gap existed between the concentrations of some pollutants such as total phosphorus, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, and correspondent water quality target, especially for the total phosphorus. The growth of algae in the water source was marginally limited by the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon. When other factors remained unchanged, diatoms tended to grow rapidly when the water temperature was appropriate (6-12℃). The quality of water upstream had a great impact on the water quality of the Hanjiang water source. There may have been pollutants entering into the reach during the West Lake Water Plant and Zongguan Water Plant. There were differences in the temporal and spatial variation trend of concentrations between permanganate index, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen. Significant changes in the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body will affect the population structure and quantity of planktonic algae and ultimately affect the safety of water quality. The water body in the water source area was generally in the state of medium nutrition to mild eutrophication, and middle eutrophication may have occurred in a few periods. In recent years, the nutritional level of the water source has been on the decline. It is necessary to make an in-depth investigation on the source, quantity, and change trend of pollutants in water sources in order to eliminate potential risks. |
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