| 煤矿矿区复垦植被类型对土壤微生物功能基因和酶活的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1489 全文点击 654 投稿时间：2021-11-15 修订日期：2022-01-23 |
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| 中文关键词 矿区复垦 植被修复类型 综合肥力指数(IFI) 土壤酶活性 功能基因 |
| 英文关键词 mine reclamation vegetation restoration type integrated fertility index(IFI) soil enzyme activity functional gene |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 煤炭的长期开采严重破坏了当地土壤结构和生态环境，通过植被复垦可有效改善生态环境，目前对土壤理化特征和微生物群落结构研究较多，但对土壤矿区土壤功能微生物的研究较少.以山西省大同市晋华宫矿区5个不同植被类型复垦地（侧柏、云杉、油松、樟子松和桧柏）为研究对象，对其土壤理化性质、碳氮磷硫功能基因丰度和土壤酶活进行测定.结果表明，恢复类型对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活和75种功能基因丰度均有显著影响，桧柏林具有最高的总碳、总氮和总硫含量；云杉林具有最高的脱氢酶和脲酶活性，但碱性蛋白酶活性最低，樟子松林的碱性蛋白酶活性最高；云杉林功能基因丰度最高，但多样性指数显著低于其他样地，这可能是由于云杉林中的ureC、acsA和mct丰度占到了52%以上所导致的；土壤脲酶与六大类功能基因丰度有显著相关性；不同植被类型土壤中功能微生物群落β多样性差异显著，可见功能基因能较好地解释植被类型对微生物功能的影响；综合肥力指标指数最高和最低分别是樟子松和侧柏样地.总之，土壤功能基因是指示不同复垦模式对土壤微生物影响的敏感指标，樟子松和云杉是在该矿区更为适宜的复垦树种. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Long-term coal mining has seriously damaged soil structures and ecological environments. Reclaimed vegetation could effectively improve the ecological environment. There have been many studies on soil physical-chemical characteristics and microbial community structure, but there are few on soil functional microorganisms in mining areas. In this study, soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and the abundance of functional genes in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling were determined in five reclaimed lands of different vegetation types (Platycladus orientalis, Picea asperata, Pinus tabuliformis, Pinus sylvestris, and Sabina chinensis) in the Jinhuagong mining area, Datong City, Shanxi province. The results showed that the restoration types produced significant effects on soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and the abundance of 75 functional genes. The highest contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total sulfur were in the S. chinensis site. The activities of dehydrogenase and urease were the highest in P. asperata, and the lowest alkaline protease activity was in P. asperata. The alkaline protease activity was the highest in P. sylvestrist. The abundance of functional genes in the P. asperata forest was the highest, but the diversity index was significantly lower than that in other plots, which might be due to the fact that the total abundance of ureC, acsA, and mct in P. asperata accounted for more than 52%. Soil urease was significantly correlated with the abundance of six functional genes. The β diversity of the functional microbial community was significantly different among the different vegetation types, indicating that functional genes could better explain the effects of vegetation types on microbial function. The highest and lowest integrated fertility indexes were found in the P. sylvestris and P. orientalis plots, respectively. In conclusion, soil functional genes are sensitive indicators signifying the effects of different reclamation types on soil microorganisms, and P. asperata and P. sylvestris are more suitable for reclamation in this mining area. |
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