| 调理剂耦合水分管理对双季稻镉和铅累积的阻控效应 |
| 摘要点击 2066 全文点击 609 投稿时间：2021-06-01 修订日期：2021-06-22 |
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| 中文关键词 水稻 土壤调理剂 水分管理 稻米Cd和Pb累积 土壤Cd和Pb形态分布 |
| 英文关键词 rice soil amendment water management Cd and Pb accumulation Cd and Pb species distribution |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李林峰 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 广州 510640
农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省农业面源污染监测评估与防控工程技术研究中心, 广州 510640 | lilinfeng@gdaas.cn | | 王艳红 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 广州 510640
农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省农业面源污染监测评估与防控工程技术研究中心, 广州 510640 | | | 李义纯 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 广州 510640
农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省农业面源污染监测评估与防控工程技术研究中心, 广州 510640 | | | 唐明灯 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 广州 510640
农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省农业面源污染监测评估与防控工程技术研究中心, 广州 510640 | | | 李奇 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 广州 510640
农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省农业面源污染监测评估与防控工程技术研究中心, 广州 510640 | | | 艾绍英 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 广州 510640
农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室, 广州 510640
广东省农业面源污染监测评估与防控工程技术研究中心, 广州 510640 | Shaoyingai@21cn.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤重金属生物有效性和水稻自身的生理活动共同决定糙米的重金属累积.选取广州市郊一土壤镉（Cd）总量未超标但糙米Cd存在超标风险的稻田开展田间小区试验，以土壤重金属有效态和水稻生理阻隔为切入点，研究富硅调理剂（JD）、钙镁调理剂（YY）、富硅调理剂+淹水灌溉（JD+YS）和钙镁调理剂+淹水灌溉（YY+YS）处理对早、晚稻产量、糙米重金属含量、Cd和铅（Pb）富集系数、土壤重金属总量、土壤理化性质以及土壤Cd和Pb形态分布的影响.结果表明：①在土壤ω（总Cd）仅为0.13 mg·kg-1的CK处理中，其早稻糙米ω（Cd）均值可达0.19 mg·kg-1.早稻品种（杂交稻）糙米对Cd和总As的富集能力强于晚稻品种（常规稻），而对Pb的富集能力不及晚稻品种（常规稻）；②单施调理剂JD和YY对早、晚稻糙米的Cd和Pb累积没有明显的阻控效应，但JD+YS和YY+YS处理能显著地抑制早、晚稻糙米的Cd和Pb累积，且以JD+YS处理效果更加明显.JD+YS对早稻Cd和Pb累积的降幅达65.8%和68%，对晚稻的降幅达71.43%和49.15%.JD+YS处理通过提高土壤pH值和维持较低的氧化还原电位，促进土壤Cd和Pb由酸可提取态向还原态和残渣态的转化，明显降低了土壤Cd和Pb的有效态含量；同时，其提供的有效态Si、Ca2+和Mg2+养分供应通过生理阻隔和竞争Cd离子转运通道，进一步抑制了早、晚稻对土壤Cd和Pb的吸收及向糙米的转运.研究成果可为糙米Cd和Pb阻控产品和技术的研发与应用提供科学依据，对指导华南双季稻区的水稻安全生产具有重要意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The bioavailability of heavy metals in soil and the physiological activities of rice determine the accumulation of heavy metals in brown rice. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in a rice paddy in which the total amount of Cd in the soil did not exceed the national standard, whereas the Cd in rice grains was at risk of overreaching in the suburbs of Guangzhou city. The bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil and the physiological barrier of rice were taken as the starting point. The early and late rice yield, brown rice heavy metal content, Cd and Pb enrichment coefficient, total soil heavy metals, soil physical and chemical properties, and soil Cd and Pb species distribution were investigated under the Si-rich amendment (JD), Ca-Mg amendment (YY), Si-rich amendment+flooding irrigation (JD+YS), and Ca-Mg amendment+flooding irrigation (YY+YS) treatments. The results showed that:① the total ω(Cd) in the soil was only 0.13 mg·kg-1 in the CK treatment. However, the average ω(Cd) in the grain of early rice reached up to 0.19 mg·kg-1. The early rice varieties (hybrid rice) had a more vital ability to accumulate Cd and total As in brown rice than that in late rice varieties (conventional rice) but a lower capacity for Pb accumulation. ② JD and YY application alone had no noticeable inhibitory effect on the accumulation of Cd and Pb in brown rice; however, JD+YS and YY+YS treatments significantly inhibited the accumulation of Cd and Pb in brown rice in both early and late rice, especially in the JD+YS treatment, which decreased the Cd and Pb accumulation by 65.8% and 68% for early rice and by 71.43% and 49.15% for late rice, respectively. The primary mechanism of JD+YS was to increase soil pH and maintain a low redox potential to promote soil Cd and Pb to be transformed from acid-soluble to a reduced state and residue state, thus decreasing Cd and Pb to migrate from the soil to the rice. At the same time, it effectively suppressed the absorption and transportation of Cd and Pb by early and late rice via the physiological barrier effect of Si nutrition and the competition for transportation channels between calcium and magnesium ions and cadmium and inhibited the accumulation of Cd and Pb in the brown rice of early and late rice. These results provide a theoretical basis for the exploration and application of the control technologies in the brown rice Cd and Pb resistance and have important practical significance for guiding the safe production in the rice-growing area in South China. |
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