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水稻产量、稻田CH4和N2O排放对长期大气CO2浓度升高的响应
摘要点击 1738  全文点击 546  投稿时间:2021-03-02  修订日期:2021-03-19
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中文关键词  CH4排放  N2O排放  稻田  大气CO2浓度升高  高应答水稻品种  低应答水稻品种  产量
英文关键词  CH4 emissions  N2O emissions  paddy fields  elevated CO2 concentration  the strongly responsive cultivar  the weakly responsive cultivar  grain yield
作者单位E-mail
于海洋 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
yuhy@issas.ac.cn 
宋开付 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
黄琼 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
王天宇 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 
 
张广斌 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008  
马静 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008  
朱春梧 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008  
徐华 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 hxu@issas.ac.cn 
中文摘要
      大气CO2浓度升高([CO2]e)是全球气候变化的主要驱动力,可直接或间接影响稻田生态系统碳氮循环.深入探究长期(大于10 a)[CO2]e对水稻产量和稻田温室气体排放的影响,对保障粮食安全和评估未来气候变化意义重大.本研究以高、低应答水稻品种为供试材料,利用连续运行14 a的[CO2]升高(free-air CO2 enrichment,FACE)平台,共设置2个[CO2]处理:对照(正常[CO2],[CO2]a)和在[CO2]a基础上升高200 μmol·mol-1([CO2]e).采用静态透明箱-气相色谱法测定稻田CH4和N2O排放量,并测定水稻产量.结果表明,对比[CO2]a,长期[CO2]e分别增加高、低应答水稻品种产量29%~31%(P<0.05)和12%~14%(P>0.05);分别减少高、低应答水稻品种稻田CH4排放21%~59%和11%~54%;同时,分别显著减少高、低应答水稻品种稻田N2O排放70%(P<0.05)和40%(P<0.05).水稻产量、稻田CH4排放对长、短期[CO2]e的响应具有明显差异,随着[CO2]e年限的增加,水稻产量和稻田CH4排放的增幅显著下降,而稻田N2O排放无明显变化.综合考虑,长期[CO2]e条件下,高应答水稻品种为优先考虑种植的"增产减排"水稻品种.
英文摘要
      Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations([CO2]e) are the main driving force of global climate change, which directly and indirectly affect carbon and nitrogen cycling in the paddy ecosystems. Therefore, understanding the response of rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions to long-term(more than 10 years)[CO2]e from paddy fields is of great significance for food security and future climate change assessment. In this study, strongly and weakly responsive cultivars were used as the experimental materials. Based on a free-air CO2 enrichment(FACE) platform continuously run for 14 years, two treatments of different[CO2] were set:a control(i.e., normal[CO2] and[CO2]a) and a 200 μmol·mol-1 higher than[CO2]a condition, ([CO2]e). CH4 and N2O emissions from the rice paddy fields were monitored in situ by static transparent chamber-gas chromatography, and grain yields were also obtained. The results showed that compared with the[CO2]a treatment, long-term[CO2]e increased grain yields of the strongly and weakly responsive cultivars by 29%-31%(P<0.05) and 12%-14%(P>0.05), and CH4 emissions of the strongly and weakly responsive cultivars were reduced by 21%-59% and 11%-54%, respectively. Furthermore, N2O emissions from the strongly and weakly responsive cultivars were significantly reduced by 70%(P<0.05) and 40%(P<0.05), respectively. The short- and long-term responses of grain yields and CH4 emissions from rice paddy fields to[CO2]e were significantly different. Specifically, with the increase in the duration of[CO2]e, the increases in rice yields and CH4 emissions significantly decreased, while the N2O emissions showed no significant changes. Therefore, under long-term[CO2]e conditions, the strongly responsive cultivar has a high potential to reduce greenhouse gas emission and increase grain yields.

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