| 多种微塑料提取方法在中国典型土壤中的应用 |
| 摘要点击 2107 全文点击 687 投稿时间：2021-02-02 修订日期：2021-03-28 |
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| 中文关键词 典型土壤 微塑料 提取率 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR) 成分鉴定 |
| 英文关键词 typical soil microplastics extraction rates FTIR ingredient identification |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究我国典型区域土壤中微塑料的提取及成分鉴定方法，通过人工模拟微塑料的方法，评估了水+油（T1）、饱和NaCl溶液+油（T2）、饱和NaCl溶液（T3）这3种处理方法对4种典型区域土壤（黑土、黄土、红土和紫土）中4种类型微塑料[聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（polyethylene terephthalate，PET）、聚丙烯（polypropylene，PP）、聚苯乙烯（polystyrene，PS）和聚乙烯（polyethylene，PE）]的检测效果.结果表明：①T3处理下土壤中微塑料提取率随微塑料密度的增大而降低，对PP、PE、PS的提取率均大于86.67%，而PET的提取率仅为0%~13.30%；②T1和T2处理下，黑土、黄土和紫土中4种微塑料的提取率均为86.67%~100.00%，但微塑料表层残留的油会影响傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对微塑料成分性质的鉴定，配合无水乙醇清洗后，PE和PS鉴定效果仍不佳；③T1和T2处理下红土中PET的提取率分别为56.60%和50.00%，T3处理下红土中PET、PE和PP的提取率分别为3.33%、10.00%和56.67%.结果表明，黄土、黑土和紫土中4种微塑料采用T1和T2提取效果均较好，但需配合无水乙醇进行清洗，T3处理会导致对密度>1 g·cm-3微塑料PET的漏测；红土中微塑料的提取方法有待进一步探索研发. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics have been found in many environmental systems, such as oceans, terrestrial soils, sediments, and bodies of freshwater. Microplastic pollution in soils has received extensive international attention; however, there is currently no unified standard extraction method. To identify appropriate extraction and component identification methods for microplastics in typical soils in China, samples were identified and their polymer component properties examined using ATR-FTIR(Thermo Nicolet IS 20). The effects of three treatments of water+oil(T1), a saturated NaCl solution+oil(T2), and a saturated NaCl solution(T3) on the detection of four types of microplastics[polyethylene terephthalate(PET), polypropylene(PP), polystyrene(PS), and polyethylene(PE)]in four typical soils(loess, black soil, red soil, and purple soil) were examined. The results showed that:① The extraction rates of the T3 treatment decreased with microplastic density. For PP, PE, and PS, the extraction rates exceeded 86.67%, and the extraction rates of PET were 0%-13.30%. ② The extraction rates of the four kinds of microplastics were 86.67%-100.00% in loess, black soil, and purple soil using the T1 and T2 solutions; however, the residual oil on the surface of microplastics influenced the identification using FTIR. Furthermore, the cleaning effect of PE and PS was poor after wiping with anhydrous ethanol. ③ In red soil, the extraction rates of PET were 56.60% and 50.00% in T1 and T2, respectively; in the T3 treatment, the extraction rates of PET, PE, and PP were 3.33%, 10.00%, and 56.67%, respectively. These results show that the extraction rates of four types microplastics are highest for loess, black soil, and purple soil using T1 and T2, although these two methods need to be combined with anhydrous ethanol cleaning. T3 dispose making the leak of microplastics PET with the density higher than 1 g·cm-3. Methods to extract microplastics from red soils require further research. Overall, this study can inform the investigation and treatment of microplastic pollution in typical regional soils in China. |
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