| 铜尾矿坝及其周边土壤真菌群落结构与功能多样性 |
| 摘要点击 2422 全文点击 629 投稿时间：2020-08-13 修订日期：2020-09-15 |
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| 中文关键词 重金属污染 真菌群落 碳源利用 功能多样性 尾矿坝 |
| 英文关键词 heavy metal pollution fungal community carbon source utilization functional diversity tailing dam |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤真菌群落会因环境条件的变化而重新构建.为了探究山西省垣曲县十八河尾矿坝及其周边土壤中真菌群落的结构与功能多样性，本研究探讨了坝体草地、15 a杨树林、农田、10 a杨树林这4种土地利用方式下土壤真菌群落的结构组成和碳源利用功能多样性.结果表明，研究区15 a杨树林地中真菌群落丰度和多样性最高，坝体草地中最低；子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）是研究区的优势真菌类群，其中，子囊菌门（Ascomycota）在所有样地中均有最大分布，其在坝体草地中的分布达到92.92%；15 a杨树林地中真菌群落碳源利用多样性最高，坝体草地中真菌群落碳源利用多样性显著高于农田和10 a杨树林地，坝体草地土壤真菌群落对糖苷类碳源的利用效率显著高于其余3种土地利用类型.相关分析表明，土壤真菌群落丰度与土壤总氮显著相关（P<0.05），而与土壤重金属含量不相关.土壤真菌群落多样性指数与重金属Cd、As之间具有显著相关性，与其他重金属无显著相关性.本研究结果表明长期受重金属污染胁迫下，土壤中真菌群落更多受土壤肥力和土地利用方式影响，而与土壤重金属浓度不呈线性关系.本研究结果对土壤真菌群落在重金属污染区土壤修复中的应用具有重要意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil fungal communities are reconstructed under heavy metal stress. This study was conducted to explore the structural and functional diversity of soil fungal communities under different land-use patterns, namely grassland and farmland, in 15-year-old or 10-year-old poplar plantations (Populus deltoides cv. ‘zhonghuahongye’) near the Shibahe copper tailing dam and the surrounding area, located in Yuanqu County, Shanxi. The results indicated that the abundance and diversity of fungal communities were the highest in the 15-year-old poplar plantation and lowest in the grassland on the tailing dam. The dominant fungal groups in the study area were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota. The Ascomycota members were the most abundant at all four sampling sites, reaching 92.92% of the fungal community in the grassland on the tailing dam. The highest functional diversity of carbon utilization was found in the soil fungal communities of the 15-year-old poplar plantations; moreover, the diversity in the grassland on the tailing dam was significantly higher than that in the farmland and in the 10-year-old poplar plantation. Meanwhile, we also observed the highest glucoside carbon source utilization efficiency in the grassland. Notably, the correlation analysis revealed that Ascomycota was significantly correlated with the utilization efficiency of the glucoside carbon source in our study area. Moreover, the soil total nitrogen content, but not the soil heavy metal content, was significantly correlated with the abundance of the soil fungal community. There were significant correlations between the cadmium and arsenic contents and the soil fungal community diversity indices. Our results indicated that the soil fungal communities were more influenced by soil fertility and land use than by the soil heavy metal content. This study underlies the application of soil fungal communities in soil remediation of heavy metal-contaminated areas. |
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