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贵州威宁草海流域地下水水化学特征及无机碳通量估算
摘要点击 1967  全文点击 622  投稿时间:2020-07-17  修订日期:2020-09-28
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中文关键词  水化学  地下水  岩溶碳汇  外源酸  草海湿地
英文关键词  hydrochemistry  groundwater  karst carbon sink  allogenic acids (sulfuric acid and nitric acid)  Caohai Lake wetland
作者单位E-mail
曹星星 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 550025 xxcao@gzu.edu.cn 
吴攀 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 550025  
杨诗笛 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 550025  
刘闪 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 550025  
廖家豪 贵州大学资源与环境工程学院, 喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 550025  
中文摘要
      贵州威宁县草海是我国最大的岩溶湿地,岩溶地下水是其重要的补给水源和物质来源.本研究在丰水期、枯水期和平水期对草海流域内12处地下水进行了采集并测定,揭示了该流域地下水水化学特征和主要离子来源,并基于水化学径流模数法初步估算了草海流域岩溶碳汇通量.结果表明,草海流域地下水水化学类型以HCO3-Ca型为主,东南部个别泉点在平水期为SO4-Ca型.地下水中优势离子均以Ca2+、Mg2+和HCO3-为主,季节上SO42-和Mg2+平均质量浓度呈现出平水期 > 枯水期 > 丰水期,NO3-平均质量浓度则表现为丰水期 > 枯水期 > 平水期,其他离子季节变化特征不明显.空间上草海北部地下水中Ca2+和HCO3-质量浓度相对较高,K+、Na+和Cl-在西南部地下水中质量浓度较高,东南部地下水中Mg2+、NO3-和SO42-质量浓度较高.地下水中Ca2+、Mg2+和HCO3-主要受到碳酸盐岩溶蚀的控制,碳酸、硫酸和硝酸均参与了流域内碳酸盐岩的风化,三期大部分地下水中NO3-主要受土壤氮和生活污水的影响,东南部地下水NO3-则主要受农业活动影响,K+、Na+、Cl-和SO42-的来源则无明显时空差异,前3种离子主要受人类活动影响,而SO42-则主要来源于地层中含硫化合物的溶解.研究区外源酸参与流域碳酸盐岩风化具有较高比例,季节上表现为平水期外源酸参与流域碳酸盐岩比例最高,丰水期最低的特征,在扣除外源酸参与流域碳酸盐岩风化的比例后,初步估算草海流域无机碳通量平均约为181.5 t·a-1,岩溶地下水向草海输送HCO3-量平均约为1144.1 t·a-1.
英文摘要
      The Caohai Lake wetland in Weining County, Guizhou Province, is the largest karst wetland in China, and karst groundwater is an essential source of recharge and material. This study collected groundwater from the Caohai Lake catchment during the wet season, dry season, and flat season, and the main ion components of the groundwater were analyzed. The hydrochemistry characteristics and main ion sources of the groundwater were revealed, and the preliminary estimates of the karst carbon sink flux in the Caohai Lake catchment were calculated based on the solute load method. The results indicated that the water chemistry of the groundwater in the Caohai Lake catchment is primarily the HCO3-Ca type, and individual groundwater points in the southeast are the SO4-Ca type during the flat season. The dominant ions in the groundwater are Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3-. Seasonally, the average concentrations of SO42- and Mg2+ decreased in the order of flat season>dry season>wet season, while the average concentration of NO3- decreased in the order of wet season>dry season>flat season, and the seasonal variation of the other ions were not significant. Spatially, the concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3- in the groundwater in the northern part of Caohai Lake, of K+, Na+, and Cl- in the southwest, and of Mg2+, NO3-, and SO42- in the southeast were relatively high. Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3- in the groundwater were primarily controlled by the dissolution of carbonate rocks, and carbonic acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid were all involved in the weathering of carbonate rocks in the catchment. Most of the NO3- in the groundwater was affected mostly by the soil nitrogen and domestic sewage, while NO3- in the southeast groundwater was primarily affected by agricultural activities. The sources of K+, Na+, Cl-, and SO42- exhibited no obvious temporal and spatial differences, and the K+, Na+, and Cl- were mainly affected by human activities, while SO42- was mostly derived from the dissolution of sulfur compounds in the formation. The studied area has a high proportion of allogenic acids (sulfuric acid and nitric acid) participating in the weathering of carbonate rocks, which is the highest in the flat season and the lowest in wet season. After deducting the proportion of allogenic acids participating in the weathering of carbonate rocks, the average inorganic carbon flux in the Caohai Lake catchment is preliminarily estimated to be approximately 181.5 t·a-1, and the average karst groundwater transport of HCO3- to Caohai Lake is approximately 1144.1 t·a-1.

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