| 近20年来鄱阳湖流域泛滥平原沉积物微量元素含量与污染变化 |
| 摘要点击 2451 全文点击 675 投稿时间：2020-08-08 修订日期：2020-09-18 |
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| 中文关键词 鄱阳湖流域 泛滥平原沉积物 微量元素 污染水平 生态风险 赣江 乐安江 |
| 英文关键词 Poyang Lake basin floodplain sediments trace element pollution level ecological risk Ganjiang River Le'an River |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李括 | 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000
中国地质科学院地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000 | likuo@cugb.org | | 杨柯 | 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000
中国地质科学院地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000 | | | 彭敏 | 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000
中国地质科学院地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000 | | | 刘飞 | 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000
中国地质科学院地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000 | | | 杨峥 | 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000
中国地质科学院地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000 | | | 赵传冬 | 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000
中国地质科学院地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000 | zhaochuandong@igge.cn | | 成杭新 | 中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心, 廊坊 065000
中国地质调查局地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000
中国地质科学院地球表层碳-汞地球化学循环重点实验室, 廊坊 065000 | chenghangxin@igge.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 查明鄱阳湖流域微量元素的污染状况、识别其潜在来源并评估生态风险，对制定保护流域生态系统的有效策略至关重要.为了全面了解鄱阳湖流域5条主要支流泛滥平原沉积物中Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Mn、Sb、W和Sn等12种微量元素间隔近20 a的含量、污染水平和生态风险的时空变化状况，采用富集因子（EF）和修正综合污染指数（MPI）评价了微量元素的污染水平，应用潜在生态风险因子（Er）和修正生态风险指数（MRI）量化了微量元素引发的生态风险，并对污染水平显著变化区域的污染源进行了分析和探讨.研究结果显示，近20年来，鄱阳湖流域泛滥平原沉积物中Cd、Zn、Mn、W和Pb含量分别升高了134%、26%、41%、25%和8%，Hg、As、Cr、Ni、Sb和Sn含量分别降低了35%、15%、22%、10%、14%和13%，Cu含量无明显变化；饶河、赣江和信江流域的Cd含量分别升高了331%、151%和107%，抚河、赣江和修水流域的Hg含量分别降低了87%、41%和40%；其污染变化主要表现为Cd污染加剧和Hg污染降级，整个赣江流域Cd污染升级至中度和中度-重度，饶河乐安江Cd污染升级至重度，抚河流域Hg污染降至无或轻微；Cd污染加剧导致综合污染升级，极度和重度污染点位比例由17%升至33%；极高生态风险点位的比例由11%升至22%，其高MRI贡献率元素由Hg变为Cd，源于Hg污染的极高生态风险点降至中等生态风险.鄱阳湖流域泛滥平原沉积物中微量元素的显著污染变化主要源于矿产开发与冶炼、工业和农业生产等人为活动.研究成果可为河流污染防治和流域生态系统的优化管理提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Investigating the pollution conditions of trace elements in the Poyang Lake basin, identifying the pollution sources, evaluating the ecological risks play an important part in formulating the effective strategies for protecting the basin ecosystem. To understand the concentration characteristics, pollution levels, and ecological risks of twelve trace elements (Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Mn, Sb, W, and Sn) in the floodplain sediments of the five main tributaries in Poyang Lake basin in the past twenty years, we used the enrichment factor (EF) and modified pollution index (MPI) to quantify the pollution levels of the trace elements, and analyzed and discussed the pollution sources in the areas with significant pollution level changes. The results indicated that the concentrations of cadmium, zinc, manganese, tungsten and lead in the floodplain sediments of the Poyang Lake basin during the past twenty years have increased by 134%, 26%, 41%, 25%, and 8%, respectively, and mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel, antimony, and tin have decreased by 35%, 15%, 22%, 10%, 14%, and 13%, respectively, while copper has not changed significantly. The concentrations of cadmium in the Raohe River, Ganjiang River, and Xinjiang River basins have increased by 331%, 151%, and 107%, while mercury decreased in the Fuhe River, Ganjiang River, and Xiushui River basins by 87%, 41%, and 40%, respectively. The classification results based on the EF indicated that the changes in the pollution levels of trace elements in the Poyang Lake basin were characterized by the aggravation of cadmium pollution and the degradation of mercury pollution, the pollution level of cadmium in the Ganjiang River basin was upgraded to moderate and significant, the pollution level of cadmium in the Le'an River was upgraded to very high, and the pollution level of mercury in the Fuhe River basin was reduced to unpolluted or minimal. The MPI classification results established that the increase in the cadmium pollution had intensified the comprehensive pollution in the Poyang Lake basin, causing the proportion of severely and heavily polluted sites to be raised from 17% to 33%. The MRI classification results also demonstrated that the proportion of very high ecological risk sites have increased from 11% to 22%. The element with the highest MRI contribution rate changed from mercury to cadmium, which was caused by the reduction of the ecological risk level from very high to moderate. The results demonstrated that the significant pollution changes in the trace elements in the floodplain sediments of the Poyang Lake basin were primarily caused by human activities, such as mineral exploitation, smelting, and industrial and agricultural production. Our findings can provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of river pollution and the optimal management of a watershed ecosystem. |
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