| 漓江流域水体中重金属污染特征及健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 2816 全文点击 830 投稿时间：2020-08-07 修订日期：2020-09-23 |
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| 中文关键词 漓江流域 重金属 来源解析 健康风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 Lijiang River basin heavy metals source analysis health risk assessment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 黄宏伟 | 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004 | hwhuang17@163.com | | 肖河 | 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004
广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 桂林 541004 | | | 王敦球 | 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004 | | | 席北斗 | 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004
中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 孙晓杰 | 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004 | | | 李洁月 | 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004
广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 桂林 541004 | yueli90@glut.edu.cn | | 李向奎 | 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 桂林 541004 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了解漓江流域水体中重金属污染水平，在2019年5月对漓江干流采集62个表层水样，对水样中As、Cd、Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn、Hg、Co和Sb这9种重金属的浓度进行了分析检测，运用美国环境保护署（US EPA）推荐的健康风险评价模型对其引起的健康风险进行了初步评价.结果表明，水样中重金属平均浓度顺序为：Mn > Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Sb > Co > Cd > Hg，其均值都未超过《生活饮用水卫生标准（GB 5749-2006）》规定的标准限值，且符合《地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838-2002）》Ⅰ类水质标准.从空间分布来看，As、Cr、Zn和Sb的高浓度区主要分布在漓江下游，而Cd、Cu、Hg、Co和Mn高浓度区主要分布在漓江上游.多元统计分析结果显示，Cd、Mn、Cu和Co主要来源于农业生产；Cr、Zn和Sb主要来源于旅游交通运输；As主要来源于岩石风化和土壤侵蚀；Hg主要来源于生活垃圾处置不当和大气沉降.健康风险评价结果表明，儿童比成人更易于受到重金属污染的威胁，化学致癌物重金属通过饮水途径对人体健康危害的平均个人年健康风险远远超过非致癌物的平均个人年健康风险，Cr的平均个人年健康风险最大值大于国际辐射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大可接受风险水平（5.0×10-5 a-1）；非致癌物重金属平均个人年健康风险（10-14~10-9 a-1）呈现出Co > Cu > Hg > Zn > Sb > Mn，均远低于ICRP推荐的最大可接受水平. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to clarify the pollution levels of heavy metals in the drinking water sources of the Lijiang River Basin, surface water samples were collected from 62 sites throughout the Lijiang River during May 2019. Heavy metals, including As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Hg, Co, and Sb, in the water samples were analysed. Health risk assessments associated with these nine heavy metals were conducted using the health risk assessment model from the US EPA. The results indicated that the order of the average concentrations of heavy metals in the water samples were Mn > Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Sb > Co > Cd > Hg. No heavy metals exceeded the limit values of the drinking water health standards in China (GB 5749-2006), and the concentrations were lower than the limitations of Grade Ⅰ level in the environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002). According to the spatial distribution, the high contents areas of As, Cr, Zn, and Sb were predominantly distributed downstream of the Lijiang River, while the high contents areas of Cd, Cu, Hg, Co, and Mn were mostly distributed in the upper reaches. Multivariate analysis indicated that Cd, Mn, Cu, and Co were primarily from agricultural production; Cr, Zn, and Sb were mainly from tourism transportation; As was predominantly from the weathering of rock parent material and soil erosion; Hg was mainly from the improper disposal of domestic garbage and atmospheric deposition. The results of the health risk assessment indicated that children were more susceptible to the threat of heavy metal pollution than adults, and the average annual risk of carcinogenic heavy metals to human health through drinking water ingestion were higher than those of non-carcinogenic metals. The maximum personal average annual health risk of Cr was higher than the maximum allowance levels recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (5×10-5 a-1). The average annual risk of non-carcinogenic heavy metals (10-14-10-9 a-1) decreased in the order of Co > Cu > Hg > Zn > Sb > Mn, which were far below the maximum allowance levels recommended by the ICRP. |
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