| 氮肥使用对北方夏玉米季氨挥发的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1505 全文点击 705 投稿时间：2020-02-17 修订日期：2020-05-11 |
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| 中文关键词 夏玉米 氨挥发 激发效应 施肥时期 采样方法 |
| 英文关键词 summer maize ammonia volatilization priming effect fertilization stage gas collection method |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张薇 | 中国农业大学环境与资源学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | 595131156@qq.com | | 倪邦 | 中国农业大学环境与资源学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | | | 许秀春 | 中国农业大学环境与资源学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | | | 杨轩 | 中国农业大学环境与资源学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | | | 孟凡乔 | 中国农业大学环境与资源学院, 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100193 | mengfq@cau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 氨挥发是农田作物生产中氮肥损失的主要途径之一，对空气质量有重要影响.为研究我国北方地区化肥类型、施用数量、施氮时期以及采样方法等因素对夏玉米季氨挥发的影响，本研究收集了1980~2018年发表的北方地区夏玉米生产中氨挥发的研究文献，并对数据进行统计分析.结果发现，随着化肥施氮量的增加，氨挥发总量呈指数型增长，净氨挥发量呈幂函数型增长.基肥/追肥施氮量为1/1时，追肥期氨挥发总量和净氨挥发量显著高于基肥期（P<0.05），氨挥发总量分别约占总生育期的58.4%和41.6%.随着施氮量的增加，激发效应先表现为负效应后逐渐转变为正效应，转折点施氮量为297 kg ·hm-2.采用抽气法与海绵法测定的氨挥发量存在显著差异（P<0.01），且抽气法测定数据更为稳定.施用缓释尿素相较于普通尿素可降低氨挥发约20%~50%.我国北方夏玉米生产中，合理控制追肥期施氮量更有助于减少氨挥发，且高氮肥条件下抽气法比海绵法更适合于氨挥发的测定. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Ammonia volatilization is one of the major paths of nitrogen (N) loss and may exert a substantial impact on air quality. This study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer types, fertilization rate, and application timing and gas collection method on NH3 volatilization during the maize season in Northern China. This study collected the publications on the NH3 volatilization from maize farming which were conducted in Northern China from 1980 to 2018, and undertook a systematic analysis. The study found that with the increase of N rate, the total and net NH3 volatilization at the basal and topdressing fertilization stages increased at exponential and power function, respectively. When the ratio of basal/topdressing N rate was 1/1, the total and net NH3 volatilization during the topdressing stage (58.4% of the whole season emission) was significantly higher than that in the basal fertilization stage (41.6%) (P<0.05). The priming effect first showed a negative effect and then gradually turned into a positive effect with the increase of N rate. Due to the positive priming effect, the net NH3 volatilization, without considering the priming effect, was overestimated under the conventional N application (>297 kg·hm-2). There is a significant difference between the NH3 volatilization measured by the venting method and the sponge absorption method, and the data from the venting method are more stable (P<0.01). Compared with conventional urea, slow-release urea may reduce NH3 volatilization by 20% to 50%. Control fertilizer N rate at the topdressing stage is more efficient in reducing the NH3 volatilization from maize production in Northern China, and the venting method is more suitable for the quantification of NH3 volatilization than the sponge absorption method under a high rate of fertilizer N. |
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