| 山西大学城PM2.5中元素特征、来源及健康风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 2157 全文点击 743 投稿时间：2020-03-01 修订日期：2020-05-18 |
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| 中文关键词 PM2.5 元素 健康风险评估 主成分分析(PCA) 正定矩阵因子分解(PMF) |
| 英文关键词 PM2.5 elements health risk assessment principal component analysis (PCA) positive matrix factorization (PMF) |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究山西大学城PM2.5中元素的污染特征及来源，采用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪（energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer，ED-XRF）对研究区域2017年PM2.5样品中21种元素进行分析，并对Mn、Zn、Cu、Sb、Pb、Cr、Co和Ni等重金属进行健康风险评估，同时采用主成分分析方法（principal component analysis，PCA）和正定矩阵因子分解法（positive matrix factorization，PMF）定量解析元素的主要来源.结果表明，2017年山西大学城PM2.5中21种元素中Ca质量浓度最高，其次是Si、Fe、Al、S、K和Cl，这7种元素占元素总质量浓度的95.71%.其中，Cr元素浓度超过我国环境空气质量标准年平均浓度限值的104倍.春季、夏季和冬季PM2.5中Ca质量浓度最高，而秋季S元素质量浓度最高.对3类人群具有非致癌风险的元素均为Mn，且风险大小依次为儿童 > 成年男性 > 成年女性；具有可容忍致癌风险的元素为Cr和Co，且风险大小为成年男性 > 成年女性 > 儿童.山西大学城PM2.5中元素的主要来源包括：天然矿物粉尘和城市扬尘、燃煤和交通源. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of elements in PM2.5 in the Shanxi University Town in 2017, an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (ED-XRF) was used to analyze 21 kinds of elements in PM2.5 samples. A health risk assessment was conducted for Mn, Zn, Cu, Sb, Pb, Cr, Co, and Ni. The main sources of elements were identified by the principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF). The results found that, among the 21 kinds of elements in PM2.5 in Shanxi University Town, the mass concentration of Ca was the highest, followed by Si, Fe, Al, S, K, and Cl. These seven elements accounted for 95.71% of the total element concentrations. The concentration of Cr exceeded the annual average concentration limit of ambient air quality standards in China by 104 times. The concentration of Ca in PM2.5 was the highest in spring, summer, and winter, while in autumn the concentration of S was the highest. Mn was the element that had non-carcinogenic risks to the three population types, and the level of risks were in the order of children > adult men > adult women. Cr and Co had tolerable carcinogenic risks, and the risk levels were in the order of adult men > adult women > children. The main sources of elements in PM2.5 in Shanxi University Town in 2017 were natural mineral dust, urban dust, coal combustion, and traffic. |
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