| 酒糟生物炭短期施用对贵州黄壤氮素有效性及细菌群落结构多样性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1889 全文点击 791 投稿时间：2020-03-10 修订日期：2020-04-03 |
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| 中文关键词 酱香型酒糟生物炭 黄壤 土壤氮素 细菌群落结构 细菌群落多样性 |
| 英文关键词 moutai-flavor vinasse biochar yellow soil soil nitrogen bacterial community structure diversity of bacterial community |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为实现酱香型酒糟资源化综合利用和黄壤氮素有效性提升，采取田间培养试验，通过设置5个生物炭施用量0%（MB0）、0.5%（MB0.5）、1.0%（MB1.0）、2.0%（MB2.0）和4.0%（MB4.0），研究酒糟生物炭短期施用对贵州黄壤氮素有效性及细菌群落结构多样性的影响.结果表明，施用酒糟生物炭使土壤全氮（TN）和硝态氮（NN）含量分别提高35.79%~365.26%和122.96%~171.80%，微生物量氮（MBN）含量降低34.10%~59.95%，且随着生物炭施用量的增加，铵态氮/全氮（AN/TN）、硝态氮/全氮（NN/TN）和微生物量氮/全氮（MBN/TN）呈现出降低趋势.施用酒糟生物炭显著降低了土壤细菌OTU数量、群落丰富度和多样性，且随酒糟生物炭施用量的增加，该影响程度随之增加.与未施用酒糟生物炭MB0处理相比，酒糟生物炭的施用显著改变土壤细菌群落结构，随着生物炭施用量的增加，拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）相对丰度提高了1.76~2.11倍，而酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、装甲菌门（Armatimonadetes）、奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）和硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）相对丰度均出现不同程度的降低，均以MB4.0处理降幅最为显著.同时，酒糟生物炭的施用还增加了一些土壤功能细菌的相对丰度，如链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、极小单胞菌属（Pusillimonas）等，降低了溶杆菌属（Lysobacter）和芽孢杆菌属（Gemmatimonas）等优势菌属的相对丰度.此外，冗余分析（RDA）结果显示，MBN/TN、NN和MBN是引起土壤细菌群落结构变化的主要氮素环境因子，而且MBN/TN、MBN与奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）和硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira）均呈显著正相关性，说明短期内酒糟生物炭的施用可以显著降低氨氧化古菌和硝化细菌的丰度，抑制土壤氨氧化作用和硝化速率，提高土壤氮素有效性.综上所述，短期内施用酒糟生物炭可以提高黄壤氮素养分，改变土壤细菌群落结构和多样性，并可以通过抑制土壤氨氧化作用和硝化作用有效阻控土壤氮素淋溶发生的风险，提高土壤氮素有效性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To realize the comprehensive utilization of resources of moutai-flavor vinasse and improve the nitrogen efficiency of yellow soil, a field culture experiment was carried out to study the effects of short-term application of vinasse biochar on nitrogen availability and bacterial community structure diversity in yellow soil of Guizhou by setting 5 biochar dosages of 0% (MB0), 0.5% (MB0.5), 1.0% (MB1.0), 2.0% (MB2.0), and 4.0% (MB4.0). The results showed that the total nitrogen(TN) and nitrate nitrogen(NN) content in the soil increased by 35.79%-365.26% and 122.96%-171.80%, the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content decreased by 34.10%-59.95%, and the AN/TN, NN/TN, and MBN/TN exhibited a decreasing trend with an increase in the amount of biochar applied. The application of vinasse biochar significantly reduced the number of OTU and community richness and diversity of soil bacteria; the influence degree increased with an increase in the application amount of vinasse biochar. In comparison with the MB0 treatment, the application of biochar significantly changed the soil bacterial community structure. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes increased by 1.76-2.11 times with an increase in the biochar application. However, the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Armatimonadetes, Thaumarchaeota, and Nitrospirae decreased to different degrees, with the most significant decrease in the MB4.0 treatment. The application of vinasse biochar increased the relative abundance of certain soil functional bacteria, such as Streptomyces and Pusillimonas, and simultaneously also decreased the relative abundance of the dominant bacteria, such as Lysobacter and Gemmatimonas. In addition, the redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the MBN/TN, NN, and MBN were the main cause of soil bacterial community structure change in nitrogen environment factor. The MBN/TN and MBN exhibited a significantly positive correlation with Thaumarchaeota and Nitrospira, which indicated that the short-term application of vinasse biochar can significantly reduce the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nitrifying bacteria, inhibit the ammonia-oxidizing effect and nitrification rate of soil, and improve the availability of soil nitrogen. In summary, the short-term application of vinasse biochar can improve nitrogen nutrients, change the structure and diversity of soil bacterial community, and effectively control the risk of soil nitrogen leaching by inhibiting ammonia oxidation and nitrification of soil, to improve the availability of soil nitrogen. |
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