| 透水/不透水格局特征对汇水单元径流污染的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1633 全文点击 736 投稿时间：2020-03-22 修订日期：2020-04-23 |
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| 中文关键词 城市面源污染 景观格局 地表径流 透水/不透水面 地块汇水区 |
| 英文关键词 non-point source pollution landscape pattern surface runoff pervious/impervious surface parcel-based catchment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 姜智绘 | 青岛大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266071
中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 | jiangzhihuialice@163.com | | 廖云杰 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 | | | 谢文霞 | 青岛大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266071 | | | 李佳 | 青岛大学环境科学与工程学院, 青岛 266071
中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 | | | 房志达 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 | | | 赵洪涛 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 | htzhao@rcees.ac.cn | | 李叙勇 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 深入揭示透水/不透水下垫面格局特征（组成、位置和比例等）对城市地块汇水单元地表径流及污染产生能力的影响，对减轻城市内涝及控制面源污染具有重要意义.利用景观格局指数分析透水/不透水下垫面格局特征与地表径流总量（Q）、溶解态污染物累积负荷（Ld）和颗粒态污染物累积负荷（Lp）之间的关系.结果表明：①表征破碎度的斑块密度（PD）与最大斑块指数（LPI）分别与Q和Ld呈正、负相关，PD与Ld呈显著正相关（r=0.59，P<0.05，以COD计），LPI与Ld呈显著负相关（r=-0.60，P<0.05，以COD计）；②表征复杂度的景观形状指数（LSI）和平均斑块形状（MSI）分别与Q和Lp呈正、负相关性，LSI与Lp呈显著正相关（r=0.61，P<0.05，以TP计），MSI与Lp呈极显著负相关（r=-0.62，P<0.01，以TP计）；③表征聚散度的内聚力指数（COHESION）和分散指数（SPLIT）分别与Q和Ld呈负、正相关性，COHESION与Ld呈显著负相关（r=-0.59，P<0.05，以COD计），SPLIT与Ld呈显著正相关（r=0.6，P<0.05，以COD计）；④在城市小尺度透水面格局规划上，适量减少细小规则斑块的散乱分布，增加较大的不规则斑块或斑块群，对有效调控地表径流及污染有积极影响.通过透水/不透水面的破碎度、复杂度和聚散度与汇水区单元径流产生和污染输出的相关性分析，以期从格局特征（面积、距离和形状等）考虑合理配置LID设施调控径流污染提供新思路. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Determining the influence of pervious/impervious underlying surface pattern (composition, position, proportion, etc.) on the generation capacity of surface runoff and pollution in the urban parcel-based catchment could aid in alleviating the urban waterlogging and control non-point source pollution significantly. Landscape metrics were used to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of pervious/impervious underlying surface pattern and total runoff (Q) and the cumulative load of dissolved pollutants (Ld) and particulate pollutants (Lp). The results showed that: ① For the metrics of fragmentation, the patch density (PD) was positively correlated with Q and Ld. and largest patch index (LPI) was negatively correlated with them. Especially, the PD exhibited a significantly positive correlation with Ld(r=0.59, P<0.05, calculated in COD). However, the LPI exhibited a significantly negative correlation with Ld (r=-0.60, P<0.05, calculated in COD). ② For the metrics of complexity, landscape shape index (LSI) was positively correlated with Q and Lp, and mean shape index (MSI) was negatively correlated with them. Especially, the LSI exhibited a significantly positive correlation with Lp (r=0.61, P<0.05, calculated in TP) significantly. However, the MSI exhibited a significantly negative correlation with Lp (r=-0.62, P<0.01, calculated in TP) significantly. ③ For the metrics of vergence, the split index (SPLIT) was positively correlated with Q and Ld, and the cohesion index (COHESION) was negatively correlated with them. The COHESION exhibited a significantly negative correlation with Ld(r=-0.59, P<0.05, calculated in COD), whereas the SPLIT exhibited a significantly positive correlation with Ld (r=0.6, P<0.05, calculated in COD). ④ In the planning on the distribution and pattern of pervious surface under small-scale catchment, it is suggested that the scattered small-regular patches should be transformed to large-irregular patches or patch group. The relationship of the fragmentation, complexity, and vergence of pervious/impervious surface, with the runoff generation, and pollution output in parcel-based catchment was analyzed, which provided a new method for rainfall runoff and pollution control by considering rational allocation of LID facilities in terms of its pattern characteristics (area, distance, shape, etc.). |
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