| 水热炭减少稻田氨挥发损失的效果与机制 |
| 摘要点击 2247 全文点击 704 投稿时间：2019-08-03 修订日期：2019-09-17 |
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| 中文关键词 水热炭 氨挥发 pH 脲酶 氨氧化基因 稻田 |
| 英文关键词 hydrochar ammonia volatilization pH urease ammonia-oxidizing gene rice field |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 余姗 | 安徽大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601
江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | yushan0403@163.com | | 薛利红 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014
江苏大学环境与安全工程学院, 镇江 212001 | | | 花昀 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 李德天 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | | | 谢斐 | 江苏省林业科学研究院, 南京 211153 | | | 冯彦房 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014
江苏大学环境与安全工程学院, 镇江 212001 | jaasfengyanfang@163.com | | 孙庆业 | 安徽大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601 | | | 杨林章 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 南京 210014 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 作为生物质水热碳化的产物，水热炭因其丰富的孔隙结构和官能团等良好的表面特性，在稻田氨（NH3）挥发减排方面有着良好的应用前景.本研究将水热炭作为一种土壤调理剂施加到稻田土壤中，通过水稻全生育期土柱试验，考察其对稻田氨挥发的影响.试验通过设置3个处理：CKU（不施加水热炭对照）、SHC（锯末水热炭）和W-SHC（水洗锯末水热炭），研究了不同水热炭对田面水pH、田面水NH4+-N浓度、氨挥发排放通量和累积量及单位产量氨挥发排放累积量的影响.其中水热炭和水洗水热炭施加量为0.5%（质量分数）.结果表明，SHC处理显著降低了NH3挥发累积排放量和单位产量NH3挥发累积排放量（P<0.05），相比CKU分别减少了32.42%和47.61%.W-SHC处理氨挥发减排效果稍弱，NH3挥发累积排放量和单位产量NH3挥发累积排放量相比CKU分别减少了10.14%和27.71%.氨挥发减排可能与水热炭的施用导致的田面水pH变化和NH4+-N浓度的降低有关.与CKU相比，SHC和W-SHC处理均降低了田面水pH和NH4+-N浓度，且在水稻基肥期（BF）和蘖肥期（SF1）影响较明显.土壤脲酶活性受到水热炭施加的显著抑制（P<0.05），同时土壤氨氧化基因（AOA和AOB）丰度也显著增加（P<0.05），导致土壤氨氧化作用增强，这对于田面水NH4+-N浓度有削减作用.本研究将为实现稻田氨挥发减排背景下的水热炭农业环境应用提供理论和数据支持. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Hydrochar, as a product of the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, has good application prospects for the NH3 volatilization reduction in rice fields due to its rich pore structure and functional surface. In this study, hydrochar was applied as a soil conditioner to paddy soil. A soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of hydrochar on NH3 volatilization throughout the growth period of rice. The experiment was conducted with three treatments:CKU (control without hydrochar); SHC (sawdust hydrochar); and W-SHC (water-washed sawdust hydrochar). The application rate of SHC and W-SHC was 0.5% (w/w). The study investigated the effects of different hydrochars on the pH and concentrations of NH4+-N in floodwater, the flux and accumulation of NH3 volatilization, and the yield-scale cumulative emission of NH3 volatilization. Results show that the SHC treatment significantly reduces cumulative emissions of NH3 volatilization and the yield-scale cumulative emissions of NH3 volatilization (P<0.05), which were 32.42% and 47.61% lower than CKU, respectively. The effect of W-SHC on ammonia volatilization reduction was slightly weaker, as the cumulative emissions of NH3 volatilization and the yield-scale cumulative emissions of NH3 volatilization decreased by 10.14% and 27.71%, respectively, compared with CKU. The NH3 volatilization reduction was possibly related to the disturbance of pH and the decrease in NH4+-N concentrations in the floodwater because of the application of hydrochar. Compared with CKU, both SHC and W-SHC treatments reduced the pH and NH4+-N concentration in the floodwater. The impacts were more obvious in the rice base fertilizer period (BF) and the first supplemental fertilizer period (SF1) than in the second supplemental fertilizer period (SF2). The soil urease activity was significantly inhibited by hydrochar (P<0.05), and the abundance of soil ammonia-oxidizing gene (AOA, AOB) also significantly increased after application of SHC (P<0.05). This resulted in the enhanced efficiency of ammonia-oxidizing, which had an effect on the reduction of the NH4+-N concentrations in the floodwater. This study provides theoretical and experimental data support for the application of hydrochar in agro-environments with regard to ammonia volatilization reduction in paddy fields. |
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