| 准东煤炭产业区周边土壤重金属污染与健康风险的空间分布特征 |
| 摘要点击 2587 全文点击 993 投稿时间：2016-04-26 修订日期：2016-07-09 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤 重金属 污染负荷 健康风险 地统计分析 |
| 英文关键词 soils heavy metals pollution load health risk geostatistial analysis |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘芳 | 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000
新疆应用职业技术学院园林园艺系, 奎屯 833200 | liufang821210@163.com | | 塔西甫拉提·特依拜 | 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000 | tash@xju.edu.cn | | 依力亚斯江·努尔麦麦提 | 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000 | | | 王楠 | 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区昌吉管理站, 昌吉 831800 | | | 杨春 | 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000 | | | 夏楠 | 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000 | | | 高宇潇 | 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830000 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以新疆准东煤炭产业区周边土壤重金属为研究对象，土壤按照0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm分层取样，共采集156个土壤样品，测定了Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Hg和As共6种重金属含量，采用污染负荷指数（PLI）和美国环保署的健康风险模型评价了不同土壤深度重金属污染程度和对人体的健康风险，进一步利用多元统计分析、地统计分析和GIS技术研究了评价结果的差异显著性、空间变异结构和分布格局，并利用交叉验证方法检验了预测精度. 结果表明，Zn、Cu、Pb的含量范围为46.06~48.00、18.37~19.271、11.30~13.29 mg·kg-1，与新疆背景值相比均未超标；Cr、Hg、As的含量范围为80.29~85.42、0.06~0.07、30.64~31.52 mg·kg-1，与新疆背景值相比均超标，且超标率为60%以上；研究区土壤污染负荷（PLI）大小顺序为PLI0~10 cm（1.35）> PLI20~30 cm（1.28）> PLI10~20 cm（1.25），属于轻度污染；非致癌风险（HI）大小顺序为HI0~10 cm（2.53E-01））> HI20~30 cm（2.48E-01）> HI10~20 cm（2.43E-01），不存在非致癌健康风险；致癌风险（TCR）大小顺序为TCR0~10 cm（2.81E-05）> TCR20~30 cm（2.80E-05）> TCR10~20 cm（2.74E-05），存在可接受的致癌风险；方差分析得出不同土壤深度PLI、HI和TCR显著性水平分别为0.863、0.134、0.056，表明差异不显著；地统计分析表明，0~10 cm土壤深度Zn、Cu和As含量高值区位于产业区附近及其北部，Pb含量高值区组合成明显的“V”形高值带，Hg含量高值区位于中南部，Cr含量高值区以各产业区为中心向四周辐射状递减；PLI、HI和TCR高值区均位于研究区西北和东北方向，PLI随土壤深度增加中度污染区域逐渐减小，HI和TCR随深度增加高值区面积无明显变化. 总之，人口聚集的6个产业区附近及北部为重金属污染程度和人体健康风险高值区，特别是Cr、Hg、As污染程度较严重，As对人体健康风险贡献率最大，应当引起重视. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The soil around the coal industrial area of East Junggar Basin in Xinjiang was studied. A total of 64 soil samples were collected from the 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm layers of soil profile, and the contents of Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg and As were tested, respectively. Pollution Load Index(PLI) was employed to assess the heavy metal contents and the model of health risk assessment recommended by USEPA was adopted to evaluate the health risk due to exposure to heavy metals in different soil depths. The multivariate statistical analysis, geostatistical analysis and GIS technology then were used to study the differences, spatial variability structure and distribution pattern of the evaluated results, and cross-validation method was adopted to assess the prediction results and its stability. The results suggested that the ranges of Zn, Cu, Pb contents were 46.06-48.00 mg·kg-1, 18.37-19.271 mg·kg-1 and 11.30-13.29 mg·kg-1, which did not exceed the standard compared with the background values of soil in Xinjiang. The ranges of Cr, Hg, As contents were 80.29-85.42 mg·kg-1,0.06-0.07 mg·kg-1,30.64-31.52 mg·kg-1, all of which exceeded the standard compared with the background values of soil in Xinjiang, and the exceeded rate was 60%. The values of PLI were in the order of PLI0-10 cm(1.35) > PLI20-30 cm(1.28) > PLI10-20 cm(1.25), which belonged to slightly polluted level. The values of HI were in the order of HI0-10 cm(2.53E-01) > HI20-30 cm(2.48E-01) > HI10-20 cm(2.43E-01), which indicated there was no non-carcinogenic risk. The values of TCR were in the order of TCR0-10 cm(2.81E-05) > TCR20-30 cm(2.80E-05) > TCR10-20 cm(2.74E-05), which was the acceptable level of carcinogenic risk. According to One -way ANOVA analyses, there was no noticeable difference in the PLI, HI, TCR (α is 0.863, 0.134, 0.056 respectively). Geo-statistical Analysis results implied that the regions with high contents of Zn, Cu and As were distributed near the coal industrial area and Northern part of study area in the 0-10 cm soil layer, Pb formed V-shaped high content ribbon, high content of Hg was located in the middle and Southern area, and high content of Cr was located in Coal Industrial Area and the anterior radial decline. High values of PLI, HI and TCR were found in north of the study area. The moderate pollution region of PLI decreased with the increase of soil depth, whereas HI and TCR showed no significant change. On the whole, high degree of heavy metals pollution and high possibility of health risk were mainly distributed around the six coal industrial areas which are in the high density population zone. Especially, the pollution of Cr, Hg, As was relatively serious and the health risk of As was the most serious which should be attached great importance to. |
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