| 笼养肉鸡生长过程NH3、N2 O、CH4和CO2的排放 |
| 摘要点击 2346 全文点击 1112 投稿时间：2012-09-20 修订日期：2012-10-24 |
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| 中文关键词 笼养肉鸡 氨气 甲烷 二氧化碳 排放因子 |
| 英文关键词 caged broilers ammonia methane carbon dioxide emissions factor |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 周忠凯 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,农业部畜牧环境设施设备质量监督检验测试中心(北京),北京 100081
江苏省农业科学院农业设施与装备研究所,南京 210014 | zhongkaizhou@126.com | | 朱志平 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,农业部畜牧环境设施设备质量监督检验测试中心(北京),北京 100081 | | | 董红敏 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,农业部畜牧环境设施设备质量监督检验测试中心(北京),北京 100081 | donghm@ieda.org.cn | | 陈永杏 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,农业部畜牧环境设施设备质量监督检验测试中心(北京),北京 100081 | | | 尚斌 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室,农业部畜牧环境设施设备质量监督检验测试中心(北京),北京 100081 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为确定规模化笼养肉鸡生产过程NH3、N2 O、CH4和CO2的排放因子,并探讨不同生长阶段排放特征,本研究选择山东某商业化肉鸡养殖场,利用INNOVA 1312多气体分析仪-连续采样测试系统和风机风量现场测定系统(FANS),对肉鸡舍NH3、N2 O、CH4和CO2的排放进行为期42 d的测定,确定了肉鸡整个生产过程气体的平均排放因子和累积排放因子. 结果表明,整个肉鸡生产过程中NH3排放因子呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,变化范围在8.5~342.1 mg·(d·bird)-1,平均为137.9 mg·(d·bird)-1 [ 48.6 g·(d·AU)-1],CH4和CO2排放因子随着日龄的增加而增大,CH4排放因子的变化范围在19.5~351.9 mg·(d·bird)-1之间,平均为154.5 mg·(d·bird)-1 [54.4 g·(d·AU)-1],CO2的排放因子在2.2~152.9 g·(d·bird)-1之间变化,平均为65.9 g·(d·bird)-1 [23.2 kg·(d·AU)-1],整个生产过程没有监测到N2 O的排放; 肉鸡的NH3累计排放因子为(5.65±1.02) g·(bird·life cycle)-1, 第1阶段(0~17 d)、第2阶段(18~27 d)和第3生长阶段(28~42 d)氨气排放占总排放的比例分别为33.6%、36.4%和29.9%,第2阶段的NH3累计排放因子显著高于第1和第3生长阶段; CH4和CO2的累计排放因子分别为(6.30±0.16) g·(bird·life cycle)-1和(2.68±0.18) kg·(bird·life cycle)-1,第3阶段的CH4和CO2累计排放因子显著大于1和2阶段,占总排放量的50%以上. 研究结果为控制气体排放提供了数据基础. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To obtain Ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors of caged broilers, ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2 O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of broilers aged 0 d to 42 days were monitored in caged broilers production systems located in Shandong province. Gas concentrations of incoming and exhaust air streams were measured by using INNOVA 1312 multi-gas monitor with multi-channel samplers. Building ventilation rates were determined by on site FANS (Fan Assessment Numeration System) measurement systems. The NH3 emission factors showed a trend of increase at the beginning and then decreased with the broiler ages. The NH3 emission rates were 8.5 to 342.1 mg·(d·bird)-1 and the average daily emission rate was 137.9 mg·(d·bird)-1 [48.6 g·(d·AU)-1] over the 42-d period. The GHGs emission rates were 19.5-351.9 mg·(d·bird)-1 with an average of 154.5 mg·(d·bird)-1 [54.4 g·(d·AU)-1] for CH4, and 2.2-152.9 g·(d·bird)-1 with an average of 65.9 g·(d·bird)-1 [23.2 kg·(d·AU)-1] for CO2. No emission of N2 O was observed. The CH4 and CO2 emission rates increased with the increase of broilers ages. The total NH3 emission over the 42 d growing period averaged (5.65±1.02) g·(bird·life cycle)-1. The NH3 emission contribution in different growth phase to the total emission were 33.6% in growth phase 1 (0-17 day, GP1), 36.4% in GP2 (18-27 days), and 29.9% in GP3 (28-42 days), respectively. The NH3 emission in GP2 was significantly higher than emission in GP1 and GP3. CH4 and CO2 cumulative emission rates were (6.30±0.16) g·(bird-1·life cycle)-1 and (2.68±0.18) kg·(bird·life cycle)-1, respectively. The cumulative emission rates of CH4 and CO2 in GP3 were significantly higher than emission rates in GP2 and in GP1, accounting for 50% of total emissions. The results of this study could provide the data support for mitigation of gas emission from broilers production. |
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