| 基于过氧化物的消毒技术研究进展 |
| 摘要点击 1951 全文点击 1323 投稿时间：2012-08-08 修订日期：2012-11-10 |
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| 中文关键词 过氧化物 化学毒剂 消毒 亲核取代 活性氧 |
| 英文关键词 peroxide chemical warfare agents (CWAs) decontamination nucleophilic substitution active oxygen |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 对环境友好消毒技术需求的增长,推动了过氧化物消毒技术的快速发展,并已被广泛应用于反化学和生物恐怖袭击、化生灾害处置、环境污染治理等领域.在综述了过氧化物消毒剂α亲核取代/氧化消毒反应机制研究进展的基础上,介绍了以过氧化物为活性组分的水基消毒溶液、消毒泡沫、消毒乳液、消毒凝胶、消毒气雾、自消毒材料、纳米材料催化消毒技术等典型消毒体系.针对现有过氧化物消毒技术消毒效率偏低、对个别毒剂消毒效果不理想的缺点,建议在过氧化物消毒技术研究中,加强消毒反应机制、多相体系界面相互作用研究,开发新型催化剂、多功能表面活性剂、自消毒材料和消毒剂缓蚀技术,以实现真正的绿色消毒. |
| 英文摘要 |
| With the boosting demand for eco-friendly decontaminants, great achievements in peroxide-based decontaminating technologies have been made in recent years. These technologies have been applied in countering chemical/biological terrorist attacks, dealing with chemical/biological disasters and destructing environmental pollutants. Recent research advances in α-nucleophilic/oxidative reaction mechanisms of peroxide-based decontamination against chemical warfare agents were reviewed, and some classical peroxide-based decontaminants such as aqueous decontaminating solution, decontaminating foam, decontaminating emulsions, decontaminating gels, decontaminating vapors, and some newly developed decontaminating media (e.g., peroxide-based self-decontaminating materials and heterogeneous nano-catalytic decontamination systems) were introduced. However, currently available peroxide-based decontaminants still have some deficiencies. For example, their decontamination efficiencies are not as high as those of chlorine-containing decontaminants, and some peroxide-based decontaminants show relatively poor effect against certain agents. More study on the mechanisms of peroxide-based decontaminants and the interfacial interactions in heterogeneous decontamination media is suggested. New catalysts, multifunctional surfactants, self-decontaminating materials and corrosion preventing technologies should be developed before peroxide-based decontaminants really become true "green" decontaminants. |
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