| 世博会期间上海市大气挥发性有机物排放强度及污染来源研究 |
| 摘要点击 3105 全文点击 1663 投稿时间：2012-02-17 修订日期：2012-05-08 |
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| 中文关键词 挥发性有机物 排放强度 后向轨迹 聚类分析 来源解析 |
| 英文关键词 volatile organic compounds emission strength back trajectories cluster analysis source apportionment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王红丽 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | wanghl@saes.sh.cn | | 陈长虹 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | chench@saes.sh.cn | | 黄海英 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | | | 王倩 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233
华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院, 上海 200237 | | | 陈宜然 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | | | 黄成 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | | | 李莉 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | | | 张钢锋 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | | | 陈明华 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | | | 楼晟荣 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | | | 乔利平 | 上海市环境科学研究院, 上海 200233 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 基于VOCs在线观测数据,对世博会期间(2010年5月1日~10月31日)上海大气VOCs的排放进行了估算; 采用后向轨迹模型和聚类分析法,研究了不同大气污染输送通道下上海市空气质量和观测站点VOCs的变化; 基于受体模型对上海市城区大气VOCs进行了污染来源解析. 结果表明,世博会期间,上海市每小时排放的VOCs导致大气中VOCs浓度的增加量为(5.98±3.18)×10-9,该值比2009年同期低1×10-9左右. 世博会期间,上海大气主要受偏东方向气流的影响,所占比例超过40%; 其次是偏西风(25%); 偏南和偏北风共占约20%. 受同一大气输送通道影响,观测点VOCs浓度与上海API值呈正相关,R2=0.599. 受西北方向大气输送通道影响,本市空气质量最差,API值在70左右; 其次是西南方向大气输送通道,API值在60以上; 当本市大气受东面海洋上空输送气团的影响时,API<50,空气质量为优. 世博会期间,与机动车有关的排放最大,包括尾气和油气挥发,对上海大气VOCs的贡献约40%; 其次是生产工艺和燃煤等工业排放,占30%~40%; 溶剂涂料使用导致的排放约20%; 夏季天然源排放的贡献在6%左右,也不容忽视. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The emission strength of VOCs was estimated in the study, based on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measurement results. Air mass backward trajectories were computed and cluster analysis was done combining with the corresponding air pollution indexes and VOCs concentrations. Source apportionment of VOCs was studied using receptor model. According to this study, VOCs emission in Shanghai per hour resulted in the VOCs concentration increment of (5.98±3.18)×10-9 during 2010 EXPO (from 1st May to 31st October in 2010), which was decreased by about 1×10-9 compared to that in the same period of 2009. Under the control of the air masses roughly from the east (40%), the API was lower than 50.Influenced by the air masses from the northwest, the air quality was the worst with the average API higher than 70.The air masses from the southwest also resulted in bad air quality, with API higher than 60.The air masses originated from the west accounted for 25%, followed by the south and north air mass (20%). The VOCs concentrations were positively related to API in the same air mass, R2=0.599. During the 2010 EXPO, the emission related to vehicles including exhaust and gasoline evaporation contributed the largest amount of VOCs, approximately about ~40%, followed by industry including industrial processes and coal combustion (30%-40%), and solvent use and painting (20%). The biogenic emission was also considerable and accounted for 6% of VOCs in summer. |
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