| Band grouping indices combined with single band characteristic were used to extract urban built-up land based on satellite image in the Jiulong River Watershed. Landscape ecology method and statistical analysis were employed to explore the relationship between urban built-up land and permanganate index, NH+4-N, TP concentrations. There were significantly positive correlations between the proportion of urban built-up land and permanganate index, NH+4-N, TP(r= 0.701, 0.695, 0.789). It indicates the proportion of urban built-up land areas in the sub-watershed could be an effective indicator of water quality. The largest patch index(LPI) was positively correlated to permanganate index, NH+4-N, TP concentrations in the water(r＝0.555, 0.643, 0.722). The landscape shape index(LSI) was positively correlated to permanganate index and TP concentrations in the water(r＝0.564, 0.553). These means the impacts of urban built-up land on water quality are influenced not only by urban built-up land areas but also by spatial patterns. The seasonally linear correlation results show that water quality deteriorates quickly with urban built-up land during the flood season and dry season, and the water is susceptible to eutrophication in both flood and dry seasons. The water quality in most sub-watersheds are impacted by urban built-up land, while the urban built-up land areas of Longmen stream, Su stream and Xiao stream located in headstreams are intensive, which need to be adjusted and controlled to protect the water quality. |
