| 环境科学研究的新基点——祝贺《环境科学》创刊十周年 |
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| 中文关键词 |
| 英文关键词 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 自然资源开发与环境保护问题的核心,在于生态系统效应.当代科学技术面临的世界性问题主要是人口、资源、能源与环境问题及其交叉影响. 1983年,日本科学技术会议曾向中曾根首相提出今后十年日本的基本方针,其中三个主要推动领域中都很重视环境科学研究. |
| 英文摘要 |
| This article focuses on several aspects of eco-systematic effects of exploitation of natural resources and environmental protection. Five problems are discussed as follows:(1) Multi-dimensional structure Studies of environmental science in micro-scale has gone deep into molecular and atomic levels, and will go macro-research to the whole geosphere as well as outer space. The regional environmental ecosystem is an open one, in which there is a network linking external environment for exchanging materials, energy and informations with the internal subsystems in which they transfer and transform.(2) Spatial and temporal scales As today's environmental science in a broad sense stays at different scales, such as for the globe, a country, a river basin, an area or a specific subject, research project should be designed and organized in accordance with system engineering to use multi-disciplines. It is necessary to do a macrosynthesiza-tion based on detailed study in each micro-field and a micro-analysis under guidance of macro-scopic rules as a whole. Since an ecological system envolves in dynamic equilibrium, its time measurements can be differentiated as an instant, short-term, medium-term and longterm. Naturally, methodologies and equipments for researches and precision of acquired data are different in various scales. It is the reason why the concept of synthesization and accumulation of science is required for a systematic research of environmental science.(3) A guarantee of advanced technology required Today's environmental science should be based on modern system theory, information theory and control theory supported with advanced technological systems, which include network stations of field observation with applied experimentation, systems of remote sensors monitoring with multi-dimensions on multi-platforms, analyses and utilization of data and images aquired from international environmental satellites, resources and environment information .systems (GIS).(4) A new strategy of environmental studies Achievements of environmental studies have been made since the recent years, not only in the aspects of theory and methodology but for some results accepted by Chinese governmental departments concerned. Fn the period of the seventh five year plan, three strategic problems may be considered by Chinese environmental scientists; 1) concentrating on water resources as a main focus of all environmental problems; 2) developing traverse connection among three zones from west to east, enforcing integrated ecological studies in the main river basins; 3) following the trends of global environmental research such as green-house effects, EL Nino event, changes of sea level etc.(5) Prospects for the future " Environmental science will present a new appearance in the information society. Under the guidance of modern philosophy and methodology supported with advanced technology, environmental scientists will fulfill reformation of natural environment and optimization of social environment by applying environmental engineering in which bio-technology and geo-technology are included. |
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